Pyrenophorol
目录号 : GC45552
A fungal metabolite with diverse biological activities
Cas No.:22248-41-5
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Pyrenophorol is a fungal metabolite that has been found in Alternaria and has diverse biological activities.1,2,3 It inhibits human topoisomerase II α when used at concentrations of 75 and 100 μM.1 It is active against S. cerevisiae (MIC = 4 μM) and M. violaceum.2 Pyrenophorol induces leaf necrosis and chlorophyll retention in wild oats when used at a concentration of 64 μM.3
References
1. Jarolim, K., Del Favero, G., Ellmer, D., et al. Dual effectiveness of Alternaria but not Fusarium mycotoxins against human topoisomerase II and bacterial gyrase. Arch. Toxicol. 91(4), 2007-2016 (2016).
2. Sumarah, M.W., Kesting, J.R., S•rensen, D., et al. Antifungal metabolites from fungal endophytes of Pinus strobus. Phytochemistry 72(14-15), 1833-1837 (2011).
| Cas No. | 22248-41-5 | SDF | |
| Canonical SMILES | O=C(O[C@H](C)CC[C@H](O)/C=C/1)/C=C/[C@@H](O)CC[C@@H](C)OC1=O | ||
| 分子式 | C16H24O6 | 分子量 | 312.4 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: 5 mg/ml,Methanol: 5 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.201 mL | 16.0051 mL | 32.0102 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6402 mL | 3.201 mL | 6.402 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3201 mL | 1.6005 mL | 3.201 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Stereoselective total synthesis of C2-symmetric natural products Pyrenophorol and its derivatives
Nat Prod Res 2020 Aug;34(15):2173-2178.PMID:30822134DOI:10.1080/14786419.2019.1577843.
A stereoselective total synthesis of 16-membered C2-symmetric macrodiolide Pyrenophorol, Tetrahydropyrenophorol and 4,4-diacetylpyrenophorol have been accomplished. The synthesis started from commercially available L-Aspartic acid and the key reactions involved are regioselective epoxide opening, CBS reduction, Pinnick oxidation and Mitsunobu dilactonization.
Metabonomic strategy for the investigation of the mode of action of the phytotoxin (5S,8R,13S,16R)-(-)-pyrenophorol using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance fingerprinting
J Agric Food Chem 2006 Mar 8;54(5):1687-92.PMID:16506820DOI:10.1021/jf0527798.
The biochemical mode of action of (5S,8R,13S,16R)-(-)-pyrenophorol isolated from a Drechslera avenae pathotype was investigated by using metabolic fingerprinting. (1)H NMR spectra of crude leaf extracts from untreated Avena sterilis seedlings and A. sterilis seedlings treated with Pyrenophorol were compared with those obtained from treatments with the herbicides diuron, glyphosate, mesotrione, norflurazon, oxadiazon, and paraquat. Multivariate analysis was carried out to group treatments according to the mode of action of the phytotoxic substances applied. Analysis results revealed that none of the herbicide treatments fitted the Pyrenophorol model and indicate that the effect of the phytotoxin on A. sterilis differs than those caused by glyphosate, mesotrione, norflurazon, oxadiazon, paraquat, and diuron, which inhibit 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate-dioxygenase, phytoene desaturase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase, photosystem I, and photosystem II, respectively. The method applied, combined with appropriate data preprocessing and analysis, was found to be rapid for the screening of phytotoxic substances for metabolic effects.
A chemoenzymatic synthesis of hept-6-ene-2,5-diol stereomers: application to asymmetric synthesis of decarestrictine L, Pyrenophorol, and stagonolide E
J Org Chem 2014 Sep 5;79(17):8067-76.PMID:25116794DOI:10.1021/jo5012575.
The stereomers of hept-6-ene-2,5-diol derivatives were conceived as useful chiral intermediates and were synthesized starting from sulcatol using two lipase-catalyzed acylation reactions as the key steps. The versatility of the intermediates was demonstrated by converting them to the titled tetrahydropyran, macrolide, and macrodiolide compounds using standard synthetic protocols.
Antifungal metabolites from fungal endophytes of Pinus strobus
Phytochemistry 2011 Oct;72(14-15):1833-7.PMID:21632082DOI:10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.05.003.
The extracts of five foliar fungal endophytes isolated from Pinus strobus (eastern white pine) that showed antifungal activity in disc diffusion assays were selected for further study. From these strains, the aliphatic polyketide compound 1 and three related sesquiterpenes 2-4 were isolated and characterized. Compound 2 is reported for the first time as a natural product and the E/Z conformational isomers 3 and 4 were hitherto unknown. Additionally, the three known macrolides; Pyrenophorol (5), dihydropyrenophorin (6), and pyrenophorin (7) were isolated and identified. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses including 2D NMR, HRMS and by comparison to literature data where available. The isolated compounds 1, 2, and 5 were antifungal against both the rust Microbotryum violaceum and Saccharomyces cerevisae.
Dual effectiveness of Alternaria but not Fusarium mycotoxins against human topoisomerase II and bacterial gyrase
Arch Toxicol 2017 Apr;91(4):2007-2016.PMID:27682608DOI:10.1007/s00204-016-1855-z.
Type II DNA-topoisomerases (topo II) play a crucial role in the maintenance of DNA topology. Previously, fungi of the Alternaria genus were found to produce mycotoxins that target human topo II. These results implied the question why a fungus should produce secondary metabolites that target a human enzyme. In the current work, the homology between human topo II and its bacterial equivalent, gyrase, served as basis to study a potential dual inhibition of both enzymes by mycotoxins. A total of 15 secondary metabolites produced by fungi of the genera Alternaria and Fusarium were assessed for their impact on topo II of human and bacterial origin in the decatenation and the supercoiling assay, respectively. In line with the theory of dual topo II inhibition, six of the tested Alternaria mycotoxins were active against both enzymes, the dibenzo-α-pyrones alternariol (AOH) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), as well as the perylene-quinones altertoxin I (ATX I) and II (ATX II), alterperylenol (ALP) and stemphyltoxin III (STTX III). The Alternaria metabolites altersetin (ALN), macrosporin (MAC), altenusine (ALS) and Pyrenophorol (PYR) impaired the function of human topo II, but did not show any effect on gyrase. The potency to inhibit topo II activity declined in the row STTX III (initial inhibitory concentration 10 µM) > AOH (25 µM) = AME (25 µM) = ALS (25 µM) = ATX II (25 µM) > ALN (50 µM) = ATX I (50 µM) > ALP (75 µM) = PYR (75 µM) > MAC (150 µM). Inhibition of gyrase activity was most pronounced for AOH and AME (initial inhibitory concentration 10 µM) followed by ATX II (25 µM) > ATX I = ALP = STTX III (50 µM). In contrast, none of the investigated Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B1, fusarin C and moniliformin, as well as the Alternaria metabolite tentoxin, had any impact on the activity of neither human nor bacterial topo II.