Glutaric acid
(Synonyms: 戊二酸) 目录号 : GC33814
Glutaric acid (GA) is an attractive C5 dicarboxylic acid with wide applications in the biochemical industry.
Cas No.:110-94-1
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Glutaric acid (GA) is an attractive C5 dicarboxylic acid with wide applications in the biochemical industry.
[1] Soo-Yeon Yang, et al. Enzyme Microb Technol. 2019 Sep;128:72-78.
| Cas No. | 110-94-1 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 戊二酸 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C(O)CCCC(O)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C5H8O4 | 分子量 | 132.12 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: 125 mg/mL (946.11 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 7.5689 mL | 37.8444 mL | 75.6888 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.5138 mL | 7.5689 mL | 15.1378 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.7569 mL | 3.7844 mL | 7.5689 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Proposed recommendations for diagnosing and managing individuals with glutaric aciduria type I: second revision
J Inherit Metab Dis 2017 Jan;40(1):75-101.PMID:27853989DOI:10.1007/s10545-016-9999-9.
Glutaric aciduria type I (GA-I; synonym, glutaric acidemia type I) is a rare inherited metabolic disease caused by deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase located in the catabolic pathways of L-lysine, L-hydroxylysine, and L-tryptophan. The enzymatic defect results in elevated concentrations of Glutaric acid, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, glutaconic acid, and glutaryl carnitine in body tissues, which can be reliably detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (organic acids) and tandem mass spectrometry (acylcarnitines). Most untreated individuals with GA-I experience acute encephalopathic crises during the first 6 years of life that are triggered by infectious diseases, febrile reaction to vaccinations, and surgery. These crises result in striatal injury and consequent dystonic movement disorder; thus, significant mortality and morbidity results. In some patients, neurologic disease may also develop without clinically apparent crises at any age. Neonatal screening for GA-I us being used in a growing number of countries worldwide and is cost effective. Metabolic treatment, consisting of low lysine diet, carnitine supplementation, and intensified emergency treatment during catabolism, is effective treatment and improves neurologic outcome in those individuals diagnosed early; treatment after symptom onset, however, is less effective. Dietary treatment is relaxed after age 6 years and should be supervised by specialized metabolic centers. The major aim of this second revision of proposed recommendations is to re-evaluate the previous recommendations (Kölker et al. J Inherit Metab Dis 30:5-22, 2007b; J Inherit Metab Dis 34:677-694, 2011) and add new research findings, relevant clinical aspects, and the perspective of affected individuals.
Enhancing Glutaric acid production in Escherichia coli by uptake of malonic acid
J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020 Mar;47(3):311-318.PMID:32140931DOI:10.1007/s10295-020-02268-6.
Glutaric acid is an important organic acid applied widely in different fields. Most previous researches have focused on the production of Glutaric acid in various strains using the 5-aminovaleric acid (AMV) or pentenoic acid synthesis pathways. We previously utilized a five-step reversed adipic acid degradation pathway (RADP) in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) to construct strain Bgl146. Herein, we found that malonyl-CoA was strictly limited in this strain, and increasing its abundance could improve Glutaric acid production. We, therefore, constructed a malonic acid uptake pathway in E. coli using matB (malonic acid synthetase) and matC (malonic acid carrier protein) from Clover rhizobia. The titer of Glutaric acid was improved by 2.1-fold and 1.45-fold, respectively, reaching 0.56 g/L and 4.35 g/L in shake flask and batch fermentation following addition of malonic acid. Finally, the highest titer of Glutaric acid was 6.3 g/L in fed-batch fermentation at optimized fermentation conditions.
Development of a Glutaric acid production system equipped with stepwise feeding of monosodium glutamate by whole-cell bioconversion
Enzyme Microb Technol 2022 Sep;159:110053.PMID:35537377DOI:10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110053.
In the bioproduction of Glutaric acid, an emerging bioplastic monomer, α-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) is required as an amine acceptor for 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (GabT)-driven conversion of 5-aminovalerate (5-AVA) to glutarate semialdehyde. Herein, instead of using expensive α-KG, an indirect α-KG supply system was developed using a relatively cheap alternative, monosodium glutamate (MSG), for l-glutamate oxidase (Gox)-based whole-cell conversion. Using 200 mM 5-AVA and 30 mM MSG initially with Gox, 67.1 mM of Glutaric acid was produced. By applying the stepwise feeding strategy of MSG, the Glutaric acid production capability was increased to 159.1 mM Glutaric acid with a conversion yield of 79.6%. In addition, a buffer-free one-pot reaction from l-lysine was also applied in a 5 L bioreactor to evaluate its industrial applicability, resulting in a conversion yield of 54.2%. The system developed herein might have great potential for the large-scale, economically feasible production of Glutaric acid by whole-cell conversion.
Glutaric acid production by systems metabolic engineering of an l-lysine-overproducing Corynebacterium glutamicum
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020 Dec 1;117(48):30328-30334.PMID:33199604DOI:10.1073/pnas.2017483117.
There is increasing industrial demand for five-carbon platform chemicals, particularly Glutaric acid, a widely used building block chemical for the synthesis of polyesters and polyamides. Here we report the development of an efficient Glutaric acid microbial producer by systems metabolic engineering of an l-lysine-overproducing Corynebacterium glutamicum BE strain. Based on our previous study, an optimal synthetic metabolic pathway comprising Pseudomonas putida l-lysine monooxygenase (davB) and 5-aminovaleramide amidohydrolase (davA) genes and C. glutamicum 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (gabT) and succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (gabD) genes, was introduced into the C. glutamicum BE strain. Through system-wide analyses including genome-scale metabolic simulation, comparative transcriptome analysis, and flux response analysis, 11 target genes to be manipulated were identified and expressed at desired levels to increase the supply of direct precursor l-lysine and reduce precursor loss. A Glutaric acid exporter encoded by ynfM was discovered and overexpressed to further enhance Glutaric acid production. Fermentation conditions, including oxygen transfer rate, batch-phase glucose level, and nutrient feeding strategy, were optimized for the efficient production of Glutaric acid. Fed-batch culture of the final engineered strain produced 105.3 g/L of Glutaric acid in 69 h without any byproduct. The strategies of metabolic engineering and fermentation optimization described here will be useful for developing engineered microorganisms for the high-level bio-based production of other chemicals of interest to industry.
Membrane translocation of Glutaric acid and its derivatives
J Inherit Metab Dis 2008 Apr;31(2):188-93.PMID:18404412DOI:10.1007/s10545-008-0825-x.
The neurodegenerative disorder glutaric aciduria type I (GA I) is characterized by increased levels of cytotoxic metabolites such as Glutaric acid (GA) and 3-hydroxyglutaric (3OHGA). The present report summarizes recent investigations providing insights into mechanisms of intra- and intercellular translocation of these metabolites. Initiated by microarray analyses in a mouse model of GA I, the sodium-dependent dicarboxylate cotransporter 3 (NaC3) was the first molecule identified to mediate the translocation of GA and 3OHGA with high and low affinity, respectively. More recently, organic anion transporters (OAT) 1 and 4 have been reported to be high-affinity transporters for GA and 3OHGA as well as D-2- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid (D2OHGA, L2OHGA). The concerted action of NaC3 and OATs may be important for the directed uptake and excretion of GA, 3OHGA, D2OHGA and L2OHGA in kidney proximal tubule cells. In addition, experimental data on cultured neuronal and glial cells isolated from mouse brain demonstrated that GA rather than 3OHGA may competitively inhibit the anaplerotic supply of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates from astrocytes to neurons. The identification of GA and GA derivative transporters may represent targets for new approaches to treat patients with GA I and related disorders.