Glyphosate
(Synonyms: 草甘膦) 目录号 : GC60882
An herbicide
Cas No.:1071-83-6
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: ≥99.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum, post-emergence herbicide.1 It inhibits the activity of 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS; IC50 = 5-7 ?M in a cell-free A. aerogenes extract), an enzyme in the shikimate pathway that catalyzes the conversion of shikimic acid to anthranilic acid.2,3 Foliar application of glyphosate induces foliage and rhizome necrosis of johnsongrass (S. halepense) when applied at concentrations ranging from 0.56 to 2.24 kg/hectare.4 It has been found in soil, surface water, and groundwater samples.3 Formulations containing glyphosate have been used for weed control in agriculture and horticulture.
1.Araújo, A.S.F., Monteiro, R.T.R., and Abarkeli, R.B.Effect of glyphosate on the microbial activity of two Brazilian soilsChemosphere52(5)799-804(2003) 2.Steinrücken, H.C., and Amrhein, N.The herbicide glyphosate is a potent inhibitor of 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimic acid-3-phosphate synthaseBiochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.94(4)1207-1212(1980) 3.Kanissery, R., Geirhe, B., Kadyampakeni, D., et al.Glyphosate: Its environmental persistence and impact on crop health and nutritionPlants (Basel)8(11)499(2019) 4.Parochetti, J.V., Wilson, H.P., and Burt, G.W.Activity of glyphosate on johnsongrassWeed Sci.23(5)395-400(1975)
| Cas No. | 1071-83-6 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 草甘膦 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C(O)CNCP(O)(O)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C3H8NO5P | 分子量 | 169.07 |
| 溶解度 | Water: 13.89 mg/mL (82.16 mM) | 储存条件 | 4°C, protect from light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
 |
1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 5.9147 mL | 29.5735 mL | 59.1471 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.1829 mL | 5.9147 mL | 11.8294 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.5915 mL | 2.9574 mL | 5.9147 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Glyphosate Use, Toxicity and Occurrence in Food
Foods 2021 Nov 12;10(11):2785.PMID:34829065DOI:10.3390/foods10112785.
Glyphosate is a systemic, broad-spectrum and post-emergent herbicide. The use of Glyphosate has grown in the last decades, and it is currently the most used herbicide worldwide. The rise of Glyphosate consumption over the years also brought an increased concern about its possible toxicity and consequences for human health. However, a scientific community consensus does not exist at the present time, and Glyphosate's safety and health consequences are controversial. Since Glyphosate is mainly applied in fields and can persist several months in the soil, concerns have been raised about the impact that its presence in food can cause in humans. Therefore, this work aims to review the Glyphosate use, toxicity and occurrence in diverse food samples, which, in certain cases, occurs at violative levels. The incidence of Glyphosate at levels above those legally allowed and the suspected toxic effects of this compound raise awareness regarding public health.
Environmental and health effects of the herbicide Glyphosate
Sci Total Environ 2018 Mar;616-617:255-268.PMID:29117584DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.309.
The herbicide Glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine, has been used extensively in the past 40years, under the assumption that side effects were minimal. However, in recent years, concerns have increased worldwide about the potential wide ranging direct and indirect health effects of the large scale use of Glyphosate. In 2015, the World Health Organization reclassified Glyphosate as probably carcinogenic to humans. A detailed overview is given of the scientific literature on the movement and residues of Glyphosate and its breakdown product aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA) in soil and water, their toxicity to macro- and microorganisms, their effects on microbial compositions and potential indirect effects on plant, animal and human health. Although the acute toxic effects of Glyphosate and AMPA on mammals are low, there are animal data raising the possibility of health effects associated with chronic, ultra-low doses related to accumulation of these compounds in the environment. Intensive Glyphosate use has led to the selection of glyphosate-resistant weeds and microorganisms. Shifts in microbial compositions due to selective pressure by Glyphosate may have contributed to the proliferation of plant and animal pathogens. Research on a link between Glyphosate and antibiotic resistance is still scarce but we hypothesize that the selection pressure for glyphosate-resistance in bacteria could lead to shifts in microbiome composition and increases in antibiotic resistance to clinically important antimicrobial agents. We recommend interdisciplinary research on the associations between low level chronic Glyphosate exposure, distortions in microbial communities, expansion of antibiotic resistance and the emergence of animal, human and plant diseases. Independent research is needed to revisit the tolerance thresholds for Glyphosate residues in water, food and animal feed taking all possible health risks into account.
The impact and toxicity of Glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides on health and immunity
J Immunotoxicol 2020 Dec;17(1):163-174.PMID:32897110DOI:10.1080/1547691X.2020.1804492.
Glyphosate, or N-phosphomethyl(glycine), is an organophosphorus compound and a competitive inhibitor of the shikimate pathway that allows aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in plants and microorganisms. Its utilization in broad-spectrum herbicides, such as RoundUp®, has continued to increase since 1974; Glyphosate, as well as its primary metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid, is measured in soils, water, plants, animals and food. In humans, Glyphosate is detected in blood and urine, especially in exposed workers, and is excreted within a few days. It has long been regarded as harmless in animals, but growing literature has reported health risks associated with Glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides. In 2017, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified Glyphosate as "probably carcinogenic" in humans. However, other national agencies did not tighten their Glyphosate restrictions and even prolonged authorizations of its use. There are also discrepancies between countries' authorized levels, demonstrating an absence of a clear consensus on Glyphosate to date. This review details the effects of Glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides on fish and mammal health, focusing on the immune system. Increasing evidence shows that Glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides exhibit cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, increase oxidative stress, disrupt the estrogen pathway, impair some cerebral functions, and allegedly correlate with some cancers. Glyphosate effects on the immune system appear to alter the complement cascade, phagocytic function, and lymphocyte responses, and increase the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in fish. In mammals, including humans, Glyphosate mainly has cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, causes inflammation, and affects lymphocyte functions and the interactions between microorganisms and the immune system. Importantly, even as many outcomes are still being debated, evidence points to a need for more studies to better decipher the risks from Glyphosate and better regulation of its global utilization.
Glyphosate Herbicide: Reproductive Outcomes and Multigenerational Effects
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021 Jul 7;12:672532.PMID:34305812DOI:10.3389/fendo.2021.672532.
Glyphosate base herbicides (GBHs) are the most widely applied pesticides in the world and are mainly used in association with GBH-tolerant crop varieties. Indiscriminate and negligent use of GBHs has promoted the emergence of Glyphosate resistant weeds, and consequently the rise in the use of these herbicides. Glyphosate, the active ingredient of all GBHs, is combined with other chemicals known as co-formulants that enhance the herbicide action. Nowadays, the safety of Glyphosate and its formulations remain to be a controversial issue, as evidence is not conclusive whether the adverse effects are caused by GBH or Glyphosate, and little is known about the contribution of co-formulants to the toxicity of herbicides. Currently, alarmingly increased levels of Glyphosate have been detected in different environmental matrixes and in foodstuff, becoming an issue of social concern. Some in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that Glyphosate and its formulations exhibit estrogen-like properties, and growing evidence has indicated they may disrupt normal endocrine function, with adverse consequences for reproductive health. Moreover, multigenerational effects have been reported and epigenetic mechanisms have been proved to be involved in the alterations induced by the herbicide. In this review, we provide an overview of: i) the routes and levels of human exposure to GBHs, ii) the potential estrogenic effects of Glyphosate and GBHs in cell culture and animal models, iii) their long-term effects on female fertility and mechanisms of action, and iv) the consequences on health of successive generations.
The history and current status of Glyphosate
Pest Manag Sci 2018 May;74(5):1027-1034.PMID:28643882DOI:10.1002/ps.4652.
Glyphosate is the only herbicide to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS). It is a high use rate, non-selective herbicide that translocates primarily to metabolic sinks, killing meristematic tissues away from the application site. Its phloem-mobile properties and slow action in killing weeds allow the herbicide to move throughout the plant to kill all meristems, making it effective for perennial weed control. Since commercialization in 1974, its use has grown to dominate the herbicide market. Much of its use is on transgenic, glyphosate-resistant crops (GRCs), which have been the dominant transgenic crops worldwide. GRCs with Glyphosate provided the most effective and inexpensive weed management technology in history for a decade or more. However, as a consequence of the rapid increase in glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds, the effectiveness of Glyphosate use in GRCs is declining. Critics have claimed that glyphosate-treated GRCs have altered mineral nutrition and increased susceptibility to plant pathogens because of Glyphosate's ability to chelate divalent metal cations, but the complete resistance of GRCs to Glyphosate indicates that chelating metal cations do not contribute to the herbicidal activity or significantly affect mineral nutrition. The rates of increases in yields of maize, soybean, and cotton in the USA have been unchanged after high adoption rates of GRCs. Glyphosate is toxic to some plant pathogens, and thereby can act as a fungicide in GRCs. Ultra-low doses of Glyphosate stimulate plant growth in glyphosate-susceptible plants by unknown mechanisms. Despite rapid and widespread increases in GR weeds, Glyphosate use has not decreased. However, as GR weeds increase, adoption of alternative technologies will eventually lead to decreased use. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.