Gypenoside L
(Synonyms: 绞股蓝皂苷L) 目录号 : GC63000
Gypenoside L 是一种皂苷，存在于 Gynostemma pentaphyllum 中。Gypenoside L 增加 SA-β-半乳糖苷酶活性，促进衰老相关分泌细胞因子的产生。Gypenoside L 还可以激活 p38 和 ERK MAPK 通路和 NF-κB 通路以诱导衰老。Gypenoside L 具有抗肿瘤和抗炎活性。
Cas No.:94987-09-4
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >99.00%
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Gypenoside L is a saponin that can be found in Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Gypenoside L increases the SA-β-galactosidase activity, promotes the production of senescence-associated secretory cytokines. Gypenoside L also can activate p38 and ERK MAPK pathways and NF-κB pathway to induce senescence. Gypenoside L exhibits anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities[1][2].
Gypenoside L (20-80 μg/mL; 24 h) increases the mRNA expression levels of SASP, such as IL-1α, IL-6, TIMP-1, CXCL-1 and CXCL-2 in HepG2 and ECA-109 cells[1].Gypenoside L (20-80 μg/mL; 24 h) causes cell cycle arrest at S phase[1].GPL (3.125-100 μg/mL) significantly inhibits LPS-induced NO accumulation in RAW264.7 cells[2].
[1]. Ma J, et, al. Gypenoside L Inhibits Proliferation of Liver and Esophageal Cancer Cells by Inducing Senescence. Molecules. 2019 Mar 18;24(6):1054.
[2]. Shen CY, et, al. Comparison of the Effects and Inhibitory Pathways of the Constituents from Gynostemma pentaphyllum against LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response. J Agric Food Chem. 2018 Oct 31;66(43):11337-11346.
| Cas No. | 94987-09-4 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 绞股蓝皂苷L | ||
| 分子式 | C42H72O14 | 分子量 | 801.01 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : 100 mg/mL (124.84 mM; Need ultrasonic) | 储存条件 | -20°C, protect from light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 1.2484 mL | 6.2421 mL | 12.4842 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.2497 mL | 1.2484 mL | 2.4968 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.1248 mL | 0.6242 mL | 1.2484 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Gypenoside L and Gypenoside LI Inhibit Proliferation in Renal Cell Carcinoma via Regulation of the MAPK and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism Pathways
Front Pharmacol 2022 Mar 15;13:820639.PMID:35370678DOI:10.3389/fphar.2022.820639.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has the highest mortality rate of all urological malignancies. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accounts for approximately 80% of all RCC cases and is often accompanied by the accumulation of lipid droplets. Growing evidence indicates that ccRCC is a metabolism-related disease. Gypenosides are commonly used for the clinical treatment of hyperlipidemia, and their antitumor activity has also been recognized. However, the potential inhibitory effects and mechanisms of action of Gypenoside L (Gyp L) and gypenoside LI (Gyp LI) in ccRCC remain unclear. In this study, we confirmed that Gyp L and Gyp LI significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in ccRCC cells in vitro. We performed network pharmacology and RNA-seq, and verified the results by Western blotting, RT-qPCR, and immunofluorescence experiments. Our results demonstrated that Gyp L and Gyp LI upregulate the expression of COX2 and downregulate the expression levels of cPLA2 and CYP1A1, resulting in reduced arachidonic acid and apoptosis. Gyp L and Gyp LI upregulated the protein levels of DUSP1, p-JUN, and p-JNK, and downregulated p-MEK1/2, p-ERK, and p-P38 levels. Moreover, gypenosides significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo, and gypenosides significantly reduced cPLA2 and CYP1A1 expression. Furthermore, we performed absolute quantification of arachidonic acid (AA) content in ccRCC cells and tumor tissues by HPLC-MS, and found that the arachidonic acid content was significantly reduced after Gyp L, Gyp LI, and gypenoside intervention. In conclusion, our data suggest that Gyp L, Gyp LI, and gypenosides decrease the content of arachidonic acid in ccRCC cells and tumor tissues, but do not have cytotoxic effects on nude mice. Thus, Gyp L, Gyp LI, and total gypenosides extracted from Gynostemma pentaphyllum exhibited antitumor activities against ccRCC.
The inhibitory effect of gypenoside stereoisomers, Gypenoside L and gypenoside LI, isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum on the growth of human lung cancer A549 cells
J Ethnopharmacol 2018 Jun 12;219:161-172.PMID:29545210DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.012.
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Gypenosides are major constituents in Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino. Previous studies have shown that gypenosides isolated from G. pentaphyllum possess inhibitory effect on the growth of cancer cells, especially A549 cells, with structure-activity relationship (SAR). However, the underlying mechanism of gypenoside-induced A549 cell death remains to be clarified. Aim of the study: To further investigate SAR and the underlying mechanism of gypenosides in A549 cells. Materials and methods: Gypenosides were isolated from G. pentaphyllum using chromatography methods and identified using MS and NMR data. The cytotoxicity was determined with CCK-8 assay. The effects of gypenosides on apoptosis, cell cycle and migration were investigated through cell morphology observation, flow cytometry analysis and key proteins detection. Results: Three gypenosides, 2α,3β,12β,20(S)-tetrahydroxydammar-24-ene-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-20-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, Gypenoside L and gypenoside LI were isolated from G. pentaphyllum. Gypenoside stereoisomers, Gypenoside L (S configuration at C20) and gypenoside LI (R configuration at C20) showed stronger activity against A549 cells. Furthermore, both induced A549 cell apoptosis through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways evidenced by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), releasing more cytochrome c and down-regulating procaspase 8. However, Gypenoside L blocked A549 cells in G0/G1, while gypenoside LI induced G2/M arrest, which was further verified by different expression of CDK1, CDK2 and CDK4. In addition, both inhibited A549 cell migration, which was evidenced by down-regulation of MMP-2/9 as well as scratch wound assay and transwell assay. Conclusion: C20 of gypenoside played an important role in A549 cell cytotoxicity and gypenoside stereoisomers could be used as potential multi-target chemopreventive agents for cancer.
Gypenoside L Inhibits Proliferation of Liver and Esophageal Cancer Cells by Inducing Senescence
Molecules 2019 Mar 18;24(6):1054.PMID:30889805DOI:10.3390/molecules24061054.
Senescence is an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest that can be triggered by multiple stimuli, such as oxygen reactive species and DNA damage. Growing evidence has proven that senescence is a tumor-suppressive approach in cancer treatment. Therefore, developing novel agents that modulate senescence may be an alternative strategy against cancer. In our study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Gypenoside L (Gyp-L), a saponin isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, on cancer cell growth. We found that Gyp-L increased the SA-β-galactosidase activity, promoted the production of senescence-associated secretory cytokines, and inhibited cell proliferation of human liver and esophageal cancer cells. Moreover, Gyp-L caused cell cycle arrest at S phase, and activated senescence-related cell cycle inhibitor proteins (p21 and p27) and their upstream regulators. In addition, Gyp-L activated p38 and ERK MAPK pathways and NF-κB pathway to induce senescence. Consistently, adding chemical inhibitors efficiently counteracted the Gyp-L-mediated senescence, growth inhibition, and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. Furthermore, treatment with Gyp-L, enhanced the cytotoxicity of clinic therapeutic drugs, including 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin, on cancer cells. Overall, these results indicate that Gyp-L inhibits proliferation of cancer cells by inducing senescence and renders cancer cells more sensitive to chemotherapy.
Gypenoside L, Isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Induces Cytoplasmic Vacuolation Death in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through Reactive-Oxygen-Species-Mediated Unfolded Protein Response
J Agric Food Chem 2016 Mar 2;64(8):1702-11.PMID:26870999DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05668.
Exploring novel anticancer agents that can trigger non-apoptotic or non-autophagic cell death is urgent for cancer treatment. In this study, we screened and identified an unexplored anticancer activity of Gypenoside L (Gyp-L) isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. We showed that treatment with Gyp-L induces non-apoptotic and non-autophagic cytoplasmic vacuolation death in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Mechanically, Gyp-L initially increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which, in turn, triggered protein ubiquitination and unfolded protein response (UPR), resulting in Ca(2+) release from endoplasm reticulum (ER) inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-operated stores and finally cytoplasmic vacuolation and cell death. Interruption of the ROS-ER-Ca(2+) signaling pathway by chemical inhibitors significantly prevented Gyp-L-induced vacuole formation and cell death. In addition, Gyp-L-induced ER stress and vacuolation death required new protein synthesis. Overall, our works provide strong evidence for the anti-HCC activity of Gyp-L and suggest a novel therapeutic option by Gyp-L through the induction of a unconventional ROS-ER-Ca(2+)-mediated cytoplasmic vacuolation death in human HCC.
Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract and Gypenoside L enhance skeletal muscle differentiation and mitochondrial metabolism by activating the PGC-1α pathway in C2C12 myotubes
Nutr Res Pract 2022 Feb;16(1):14-32.PMID:35116125DOI:10.4162/nrp.2022.16.1.14.
Background/objectives: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) has a central role in regulating muscle differentiation and mitochondrial metabolism. PGC-1α stimulates muscle growth and muscle fiber remodeling, concomitantly regulating lactate and lipid metabolism and promoting oxidative metabolism. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thumb.) has been widely employed as a traditional herbal medicine and possesses antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, hypolipemic, hypoglycemic, and anticancer properties. We investigated whether G. pentaphyllum extract (GPE) and its active compound, Gypenoside L (GL), affect muscle differentiation and mitochondrial metabolism via activation of the PGC-1α pathway in murine C2C12 myoblast cells. Materials/methods: C2C12 cells were treated with GPE and GL, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to analyze the mRNA and protein expression levels. Myh1 was determined using immunocytochemistry. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation was measured using the 2'7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay. Results: GPE and GL promoted the differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes and elevated mRNA and protein expression levels of Myh1 (type IIx). GPE and GL also significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of the PGC-1α gene (Ppargc1a), lactate metabolism-regulatory genes (Esrra and Mct1), adipocyte-browning gene fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 gene (Fndc5), glycogen synthase gene (Gys), and lipid metabolism gene carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b gene (Cpt1b). Moreover, GPE and GL induced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase, p38, sirtuin1, and deacetylated PGC-1α. We also observed that treatment with GPE and GL significantly stimulated the expression of genes associated with the anti-oxidative stress response, such as Ucp2, Ucp3, Nrf2, and Sod2. Conclusions: The results indicated that GPE and GL enhance exercise performance by promoting myotube differentiation and mitochondrial metabolism through the upregulation of PGC-1α in C2C12 skeletal muscle.