Harmaline
(Synonyms: 骆驼蓬灵) 目录号 : GC41083
An Analytical Reference Standard
Cas No.:304-21-2
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Harmaline is a psychoactive indole found naturally in certain plants. Its stimulating activities are achieved, in part, through inhibition of monoamine oxidases, thus increasing the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters (e.g., at 7-70 μM/kg in rats). Harmaline (30 mg/kg) induces tremor in mice through the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, at which harmaline may act as an inverse agonist. This compound has also been identified as an adulterant in herbal mixtures containing synthetic cannabinoids and described as contributing to poisoning when combined with a hallucinogenic tryptamine. This product is intended for forensic or research purposes.
| Cas No. | 304-21-2 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 骆驼蓬灵 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CC1=NCCC2=C1NC3=CC(OC)=CC=C32 | ||
| 分子式 | C13H14N2O | 分子量 | 214.3 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: 1.4 mg/ml,DMF:PBS(pH 7.2)(1:1): 0.5 mg/ml,DMSO: 0.25 mg/ml,Ethanol: 0.5 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at RT |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 4.6664 mL | 23.3318 mL | 46.6636 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.9333 mL | 4.6664 mL | 9.3327 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.4666 mL | 2.3332 mL | 4.6664 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Considerations Using Harmaline for a Primate Model of Tremor
Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2021 Sep 13;11:35.PMID:34611499DOI:10.5334/tohm.634.
Background: While Harmaline has been used as a pharmacological model of essential tremor (ET) in rodents and pigs, less is known about the effects of this pharmacological treatment in awake-behaving non-human primates. In this study, we investigated the time-course, amplitude, frequency, and consistency of Harmaline tremor in primates. Methods: Three rhesus macaques were administered doses of Harmaline ranging from 2-12 mg/kg (i.m.), and tremorous movements were quantified with accelerometers. One subject was also trained to perform a self-paced cued reaching task, with task engagement assessed under Harmaline doses ranging from 2-8 mg/kg (i.m.). Results: Whole-body tremors manifested within 30 minutes of threshold-dose administration, and peak oscillatory frequency ranged between 10-14 Hz. However, large differences in tremor intensity and intermittency were observed across individual subjects under similar dosing levels. Additionally, engagement with the reaching task was dependent on Harmaline dose, with performance mostly unaffected at 2 mg/kg and with little task-engagement at 8 mg/kg. Discussion: We provide a detailed assessment of factors that may underlie the heterogeneous responses to Harmaline, and lay out important caveats towards the applicability of the behaving harmaline-tremoring non-human primate as a preclinical model for ET. Highlights: The harmaline-primate is revisited for its potential as a preclinical model of tremor. Spontaneous tremor was heterogenous in amplitude across subjects despite similar Harmaline doses, action tremors were not consistently observed, and performance on a behavioral task degraded with higher dosages.
Harmaline downregulates angiogenesis markers and suppresses the growth of 4T1 breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro
Chem Biol Interact 2022 Sep 25;365:110087.PMID:35963316DOI:10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110087.
The anti-angiogenic effects of Harmaline, an alkaloid with emerging anti-tumor properties, are under investigation. In the present study, the effects of different doses of Harmaline, either alone or in combination with doxorubicin (DOX), were assessed in mice models of breast tumor. Breast tumors were created by the subcutaneous injection of 4T1 cells into Balb/c mice. The mice received either normal saline, Harmaline alone (10, 20, or 30 mg/kg), or Harmaline (20 mg/kg) + DOX (10 mg/kg). Immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and real-time PCR were conducted to measure target parameters. Harmaline significantly increased tumor cells' sensitivity to DOX as confirmed by a significantly reduced tumor volume in the Harmaline + DOX group after 24 days (P < 0.05). Also, the levels of Ki-67 (P < 0.001), MMP-2 (P < 0.001), and VEGF (P < 0.001) significantly decreased while the level of E-cadherin increased (P < 0.001) in the tumor tissues of the mice treated with 20 or 30 mg/kg Harmaline or Harmaline (20 mg/kg) + DOX (10 mg/kg) compared to the control group. There was a significant reduction in the serum level of IL-4 in tumor-bearing mice treated with Harmaline (P < 0.05), and IFN-γ serum level was significantly augmented in all experimental groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The genes encoding VEGF, VEGF receptor 2, CD105, and COX2 were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05 for all) in harmaline-treated (either alone or in combination with DOX) mice. In conclusion, Harmaline seems to have the potential to be used as an anticancer agent for treating breast cancer.
Harmaline isolated from Peganum harmala suppresses growth of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through targeting mTOR
Phytother Res 2021 Nov;35(11):6377-6388.PMID:34545650DOI:10.1002/ptr.7289.
Harmaline is a naturally occurring β-carboline alkaloid that is isolated from Peganum harmala. It has shown efficacy in treating Parkinson's disease and has been reported to exhibit antimicrobial and anticancer properties. However, the molecular mechanism of Harmaline in the context of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been characterized. Here, we report that Harmaline attenuates ESCC growth by directly targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Harmaline strongly reduced cell proliferation and anchorage-independent cell growth. Additionally, Harmaline treatment induced G2/M phase cell-cycle arrest through upregulation of p27. The results of in vitro and cell-based assays showed that Harmaline directly inhibited the activity of mTOR kinase and the phosphorylation of its downstream pathway components. Depletion of mTOR using an shRNA-mediated strategy in ESCC cell lines indicated that reduced mTOR protein expression levels are correlated with decreased cell proliferation. Additionally, we observed that the inhibitory effect of Harmaline was dependent upon mTOR expression. Notably, oral administration of Harmaline suppressed ESCC patient-derived tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, Harmaline is a potential mTOR inhibitor that might be used for therapeutically treating ESCC.
Harmaline exerts potentially anti-cancer effects on U-87 human malignant glioblastoma cells in vitro
Mol Biol Rep 2023 May;50(5):4357-4366.PMID:36943605DOI:10.1007/s11033-023-08354-z.
Background: Harmaline is a β-carboline alkaloid that can be extracted from the seeds of Peganum harmala. Harmaline has been shown to exhibit a potent cytotoxic effect against tumor cells. In this study, the anti-glioblastoma activity of Harmaline was investigated in vitro. Methods and results: Cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest were assessed in U-87 cells treated with Harmaline at different doses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the mRNA expression of apoptosis-associated genes were assessed. The anti-metastatic effect of Harmaline on U-87 cells was evaluated by gelatin zymography assay where matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-2/-9 enzymatic activity was measured, and the scratch assay was used to assess migratory responses. Flow cytometry demonstrated that Harmaline could suppress the proliferation and induce sub-G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in glioblastoma cells. Harmaline treatment was also associated with an upregulation of the cell cycle-related genes, p21 and p53, and pro-apoptotic Bax, as well as the induction of ROS. The zymography assay indicated that the essential steps of metastasis were potently suppressed by Harmaline through inhibiting the expression of MMP-2 and - 9. In addition, the migration of U-87 cells was significantly reduced after Harmaline treatment. Conclusion: Our data suggest a basis for further research of Harmaline which has potential cytotoxic activities in glioblastoma cells; inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, repression of migration, possibly invasion, and metastasis.
Recent pharmacological developments in β-carboline alkaloid "Harmaline"
Eur J Pharmacol 2013 Dec 5;721(1-3):391-4.PMID:23707188DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.05.003.
Peganum harmala (L) is a perennial plant which is native of eastern Iranian and west of India but also found in different regions of western USA. A number of β-carboline compounds with therapeutic importance and different pharmacological effects, are present in this plant. Among other alkaloids, such as, harmine, harmalol and vasicine, isolated from various parts of the plant, Harmaline is considered as most valuable with reference to its medicinal importance. Harmaline has been extensively studied in last decade and known to exert multiple pharmacological effects including antileishmanial, antimicrobial, antiplatelet, antiplasmodial, antitumoral, hypothermic and vasorelaxant activity. The proposed work is intended to highlight the recent pharmacological aspects of β-carboline alkaloid "Harmaline".