Heneicosane
(Synonyms: 正二十一烷) 目录号 : GC61680
Heneicosane是从StreptomycesphilanthiRL-1-178或Serapiascordigera中分离出来的一种香气成分。Heneicosane是一种信息素，可抑制黄曲霉毒素的产生。
Cas No.:629-94-7
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Heneicosane is an aroma component isolated from Streptomyces philanthi RL-1-178 or Serapias cordigera. Heneicosane is a pheromone and inhibits aflatoxin production[1][2][3].
[1]. Colin F Funaro, et al. Identification of a queen and king recognition pheromone in the subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Apr 10;115(15):3888-3893. [2]. S Boukaew, et al. Efficacy of volatile compounds from Streptomyces philanthi RL-1-178 as a biofumigant for controlling growth and aflatoxin production of the two aflatoxin-producing fungi on stored soybean seeds. J Appl Microbiol. 2020 Sep;129(3):652-664. [3]. Maurizio D'Auria, et al. The composition of the aroma of Serapias orchids in Basilicata (Southern Italy). Nat Prod Res. 2020 Jan 20;1-5.
| Cas No. | 629-94-7 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 正二十一烷 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | ||
| 分子式 | C21H44 | 分子量 | 296.57 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : 2.5 mg/mL (8.43 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.3719 mL | 16.8594 mL | 33.7189 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6744 mL | 3.3719 mL | 6.7438 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3372 mL | 1.6859 mL | 3.3719 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Thermal energy storage characteristics of micro-nanoencapsulated Heneicosane and octacosane with poly(methylmethacrylate) shell
J Microencapsul 2016 May;33(3):221-8.PMID:26892748DOI:10.3109/02652048.2016.1144820.
In this study, PMMA/Heneicosane (C21) and PMMA/octacosane (C28) micro-nano capsules were fabricated via emulsion polymerisation method. The chemical structures of the fabricated capsules were verified with the FT-IR spectroscopy analysis. The results of POM, SEM and PSD analysis indicated that most of the capsules were consisted of micro/nano-sized spheres with compact surface. The DSC measurements showed that the capsules had melting temperature in the range of about 39-60 °C and latent heat energy storage capacity in the range of about 138-152 J/g. The results of TGA showed that sublimit temperature values regarding the first degradation steps of both capsules were quite over the phase change or working temperatures of encapsulated paraffins. The thermal cycling test exhibited that the capsules had good thermal reliability and chemical stability. Additionally, the prepared capsules had reasonably high thermal conductivity.
Interfacial structure and melting temperature of alcohol and alkane molecules in contact with polystyrene films
J Phys Chem B 2009 Mar 5;113(9):2739-47.PMID:19708209DOI:10.1021/jp8065663.
Infrared-visible sum-frequency-generation spectroscopy (SFG) is used to investigate the interfacial structure of hexadecanol (C16H33OH) and Heneicosane (C21H44) in contact with polystyrene films (PS) spin coated on a sapphire substrate. The interfacial structure of hexadecanol is very different from Heneicosane in contact with PS. In the crystalline state, the hexadecanol molecules are oriented with the C-C-C axis parallel to the surface plane in contact with PS. For the crystalline Heneicosane/PS interface, the SFG spectra are very similar to those observed for molecules oriented with the symmetry axis of the methyl groups parallel to the surface normal. The structure of both hexadecanol (or Heneicosane) and the phenyl groups changes sharply at the melting temperature of hexadecanol (or Heneicosane). Upon heating the hexadecanol/PS sample above the glass transition temperature (T(g)) of PS, the hexadecanol molecules penetrate through the PS film and adsorb on the sapphire substrate. The adsorbed hexadecanol molecules are oriented with the symmetry axis of the methyl groups parallel to the surface normal. The structure of the PS molecules at the sapphire interface is different because the PS phenyl groups are now in contact with the hydrophobic tails of the hexadecanol molecules, rather than the hydrophilic sapphire substrate. The adsorbed hexadecanol molecules do not disorder at the bulk melting temperature of hexadecanol. In comparison, no adsorption of Heneicosane molecules next to sapphire interface upon annealing was observed. The differences between the adsorption of hexadecanol and Heneicosane can be explained by the preferential interactions between the hydroxyl groups of the alcohol and hydrophilic sapphire substrate.
Identification of a queen and king recognition pheromone in the subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018 Apr 10;115(15):3888-3893.PMID:29555778DOI:10.1073/pnas.1721419115.
Chemical communication is fundamental to success in social insect colonies. Species-, colony-, and caste-specific blends of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) and other chemicals have been well documented as pheromones, mediating important behavioral and physiological aspects of social insects. More specifically, royal pheromones used by queens (and kings in termites) enable workers to recognize and care for these vital individuals and maintain the reproductive division of labor. In termites, however, no royal-recognition pheromones have been identified to date. In the current study, solvent extracts of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes were analyzed to assess differences in cuticular compounds among castes. We identified a royal-specific hydrocarbon-heneicosane-and several previously unreported and highly royal enriched long-chain alkanes. When applied to glass dummies, Heneicosane elicited worker behavioral responses identical to those elicited by live termite queens, including increased vibratory shaking and antennation. Further, the behavioral effects of Heneicosane were amplified when presented with nestmate termite workers' cuticular extracts, underscoring the importance of chemical context in termite royal recognition. Thus, Heneicosane is a royal-recognition pheromone that is active in both queens and kings of R. flavipes The use of Heneicosane as a queen and king recognition pheromone by termites suggests that CHCs evolved as royal pheromones ∼150 million years ago, ∼50 million years before their first use as queen-recognition pheromones in social Hymenoptera. We therefore infer that termites and social Hymenoptera convergently evolved the use of these ubiquitous compounds in royal recognition.
Phytochemistry, pharmacology and medicinal properties of Carthamus tinctorius L
Chin J Integr Med 2013 Feb;19(2):153-9.PMID:23371463DOI:10.1007/s11655-013-1354-5.
Carthamus tinctorius L. is commonly known as Safflower. C. tinctorius extracts and oil are important in drug development with numerous pharmacological activities in the world. This plant is cultivated mainly for its seed, which is used as edible oil. For a long time C. tinctorius has been used in traditional medicines as a purgative, analgesic, antipyretic and an antidote to poisoning. It is a useful plant in painful menstrual problems, post-partum hemorrhage and osteoporosis. C. tinctorius has recently been shown to have antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities. Carthamin, safflower yellow are the main constituents in the flower of C. tinctorius. Carthamidin, isocarthamidin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, safflor yellow A, safflamin C and luteolin are the main constituents which are reported from this plant. Caryophyllene, p-allyltoluene, 1-acetoxytetralin and Heneicosane were identified as the major components for C. tinctorius flowers essential oil. Due to the easy collection of the plant and being widespread and also remarkable biological activities, this plant has become both food and medicine in many parts of the world. This review presents comprehensive analyzed information on the botanical, chemical and pharmacological aspects of C. tinctorius.
Distinct chemical blends produced by different reproductive castes in the subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes
Sci Rep 2021 Feb 24;11(1):4471.PMID:33627740DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-83976-6.
The production of royal pheromones by reproductives (queens and kings) enables social insect colonies to allocate individuals into reproductive and non-reproductive roles. In many termite species, nestmates can develop into neotenics when the primary king or queen dies, which then inhibit the production of additional reproductives. This suggests that primary reproductives and neotenics produce royal pheromones. The cuticular hydrocarbon Heneicosane was identified as a royal pheromone in Reticulitermes flavipes neotenics. Here, we investigated the presence of this and other cuticular hydrocarbons in primary reproductives and neotenics of this species, and the ontogeny of their production in primary reproductives. Our results revealed that Heneicosane was produced by most neotenics, raising the question of whether reproductive status may trigger its production. Neotenics produced six additional cuticular hydrocarbons absent from workers and nymphs. Remarkably, Heneicosane and four of these compounds were absent in primary reproductives, and the other two compounds were present in lower quantities. Neotenics therefore have a distinct 'royal' blend from primary reproductives, and potentially over-signal their reproductive status. Our results suggest that primary reproductives and neotenics may face different social pressures. Future studies of these pressures should provide a more complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying social regulation in termites.