Hydrocortisone

Hydrocortisone, a natural glucocorticoid secreted by adrenal and extra-adrenal tissues, locally governs the transcription of genes involved in inflammation, immune response, metabolism, and energy homeostasis via binding to its cognate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ^[1]. Glucocorticoids as hydrocortisone and methylprednisolone are known as ABCB1 substrates ^[2].

Hydrocortisone was observed to significantly decrease co-culture-induced pp38 MAPK expression in bothpancreatic acinar cells (PACs) and stellate cells (PSCs). The 10 nM concentration of hydrocortisone used in the study was significantly lower than the lowest normal serum cortisol level of approximately 140 nM in human sera ^[3].

The Hydrocortisone treatment alleviates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury in mice through HSF-1-mediated transcriptional suppression of XPO1 ^[4]. Hydrocortisone (70, 140 or 200 mg/kg) treated mice with i.p. injection of did not change either number or percentage of bone marrow B cell subsets. After 24 h of a single i.p. injection of 140 mg/kg of hydrocortisone a reduction in thymus weight and number of thymocytes could be observed. When mice were i.p. injected with hydrocortisone for three consecutive days, there was a depletion of the percentage and number of progenitors and lymphocytes ^[2].

References:
[1]. Sridharan, K., Rathore, B., Yousuf, M., Reddy Rachamalla, H. K., Jinka, S., Jaggarapu, M. M. C. S., & Banerjee, R. (2021). Self-assembling derivative of hydrocortisone as glucocorticoid receptor-targeted nanotherapeutics for synergistic, combination therapy against colorectal tumor. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 18(3), 1208- 1228.
[2]. Costa K.M.D, Valente R.C, Silva J.M.C.D, Paiva L.S, Rumjanek V.M, Glucocorticoid susceptibility and in vivo ABCB1 activity differ in murine B cell subsets. An. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 2018; 90 (30304236): 3081-3097. 10.1590/0001-3765201820180364
[3]. BlÄuer, M.; Sand, J.; Laukkarinen, J. Regulation of p38 MAPK and glucocorticoid receptor activation by hydrocortisone in mono-and co-cultured pancreatic acinar and stellate cells. Pancreatology 2021, 21, 384-389.
[4]. L Jin, W Liao, X Zhou, Y Wang, J Qian, et al. Hydrocortisone alleviates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury through HSF-1-mediated transcriptional suppression of XPO1. Tissue and Cell. 2022. 79. doi.org/10.1016/j.tice.2022.101915.

氢化可的松是一种由肾上腺和肾上腺外组织分泌的天然糖皮质激素,通过与其同源糖皮质激素受体 (GR) 结合,局部控制参与炎症、免疫反应、新陈代谢和能量稳态的基因的转录 ^{[1 ]}。糖皮质激素如氢化可的松和甲泼尼龙被称为 ABCB1 底物^[2]。

观察到氢化可的松显着降低共培养诱导的胰腺腺泡细胞 (PAC) 和胰腺腺泡细胞 (PAC) 中的 pp38 MAPK 表达。星状细胞 (PSC)。研究中使用的 10 nM 氢化可的松浓度显着低于人血清中约 140 nM 的最低正常血清皮质醇水平 ^[3]。

氢化可的松治疗可减轻败血症- 通过 HSF-1 介导的 XPO1 转录抑制诱导小鼠急性肾损伤 ^[4]。氢化可的松（70、140 或 200 mg/kg）用 i.p. 处理小鼠。注射不会改变骨髓 B 细胞亚群的数量或百分比。单次 i.p. 24 小时后。注射 140 mg/kg 氢化可的松可观察到胸腺重量和胸腺细胞数量减少。当老鼠被 i.p.连续三天注射氢化可的松后,祖细胞和淋巴细胞的百分比和数量均有下降^[2]。