Imazethapyr
(Synonyms: 咪草烟) 目录号 : GC60932
Imazethapyr，一种用于作物的咪唑啉酮除草剂，可以保护作物免受杂草和一年生草的损害。
Cas No.:81335-77-5
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.50%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Imazethapyr is an imidazolinone herbicide used in crops. Imazethapyr can protect crops from damage by weeds and annual grasses[1][2].
Imazethapyr belongs to the imidazolinones family of herbicides that are being extensively used in a wide range of cropping systems to enhance crop yields and protect crops from damage by weeds and annual grasses in soybean and peanut. Imazethapyr would affect the transcription of photosynthesis-related genes and inhibit the antioxidant system of the plants and affect the chlorophyll synthesis[2].
[1]. Luca Carena, et al. Modelling the photochemistry of imazethapyr in rice paddy water. Sci Total Environ. 2018 Dec 10;644:1391-1398. [2]. Yanqiang Zhou, et al. Preparation of Imazethapyr Surface Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Its Selective Recognition of Imazethapyr in Soil Samples. J Anal Methods Chem. 2018 Sep 30;2018:7535417.
| Cas No. | 81335-77-5 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 咪草烟 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C(C1=CC(CC)=CN=C1C2=NC(C(C)C)(C)C(N2)=O)O | ||
| 分子式 | C15H19N3O3 | 分子量 | 289.33 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: 83.33 mg/mL (288.01 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.4563 mL | 17.2813 mL | 34.5626 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6913 mL | 3.4563 mL | 6.9125 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3456 mL | 1.7281 mL | 3.4563 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Imazethapyr persistence in sandy loam detected using white mustard bioassay
J Environ Sci Health B 2017 Oct 3;52(10):711-718.PMID:28934001DOI:10.1080/03601234.2017.1356677.
Field experiments were conducted during two years at Srem region to investigate the influence of meteorological conditions, time and rate of application on soil persistence of Imazethapyr in sandy loam type of soil. Imazethapyr was applied PRE- and POST-EM and in both cases in three application rates: 80, 120 and 160 g a.i./ha. Soil samples were collected from the day of herbicide application in predetermined intervals up to one year after application and residual concentrations were determined with a white mustard root bioassay. Imazetapyr persistence was significantly influenced by meteorological conditions with average half-life being 6 days longer in season with lower precipitation level. Time of application induced slower Imazethapyr dissipation resulting in higher average t1/2 (seven and nine days in first and second year of examination, respectively). Application rates had no consistent effect on Imazethapyr persistence. Imazethapyr residue level one year after application caused no visible injuries on white mustard shoots, while root growth reduction ranged from 4.6 to 27.7%. Obtained residue levels were further compared with known data on crop sensitivity in order to assess possibility of crop injuries one year after Imazethapyr application.
Evaluation of dicamba volatilization when mixed with glyphosate using Imazethapyr as a tracer
J Environ Manage 2022 Sep 1;317:115303.PMID:35613534DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115303.
Expansion of dicamba-resistant crops increased the frequency of off-target movement issues, especially in the midsouthern United States. Six field trials were conducted over two growing seasons with the purpose to determine the contribution of volatilization and physical suspension of particles to the off-target movement of dicamba when applied with glyphosate and Imazethapyr - a non-volatile herbicide used as a tracer for physical off-target movement. Applications included dicamba at 560 g ha-1, glyphosate at 1260 g ha-1, and Imazethapyr at 105 g ha-1. Applicators include glyphosate with dicamba to increase the spectrum of weed control from these applications; however, this addition increases potential for dicamba volatilization. Following application of the mixture, air samplers were placed in the field to collect dicamba and Imazethapyr. Results showed there was at least 50 times more dicamba than Imazethapyr detected even though the dicamba:Imazethapyr ratio applied was 5.3:1. Dicamba was detected in the treated area and the off-site locations and all intervals of air sampling, ranging from 126 to 5990 ng. No more than 37.5 ng of Imazethapyr was detected during the first 24-h after application (HAA) inside the treated area. Imazethapyr was only detected in 9 of the 20 sampling combinations during these experiments, and most of these detections (6) occurred during the first 24 HAA and inside the treated area. While some movement from the suspension of particles occurred based on the detection of Imazethapyr in air samples, results show that most dicamba detection was due to the volatilization of the herbicide.
Modelling the photochemistry of Imazethapyr in rice paddy water
Sci Total Environ 2018 Dec 10;644:1391-1398.PMID:30743851DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.324.
In this work the photochemistry of Imazethapyr, an imidazolinone herbicide used in rice crops, was modelled in rice paddy water. The photochemical half-life time of the herbicide was assessed by means of the APEX software (Aqueous Photochemistry of Environmentally occurring Xenobiotics) taking into account the direct photolysis, the reactions with hydroxyl radicals (HO) and, in some cases, the reactions with the excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*). We found that direct photolysis and HO reaction can account for a half-life time ranging between 8 and 11 days in May, which is in quite good agreement with the half-life times measured in the field and reported in the literature. These findings suggest that direct photolysis and reaction with HO are important degradation pathways for Imazethapyr in paddy water. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been reported in the literature to decrease the Imazethapyr photodegradation rate. Our model computations confirm this finding but, upon comparison of model predictions with experimental data from the literature, we provide evidence of a non-negligible role of DOM-photosensitised processes in Imazethapyr degradation, particularly in DOM-rich waters. We also assess an upper limit (108 L mol-1 s-1) for the second-order rate constant of the reaction between Imazethapyr and 3CDOM*. Furthermore, on the basis of literature-reported photodegradation pathways and by using both APEX and the US-EPA ECOSAR V2.0 software, we assess that the direct photolysis by-products of Imazethapyr could pose a potential ecotoxicological threat to aquatic systems.
Impact of microorganisms, humidity, and temperature on the enantioselective degradation of Imazethapyr in two soils
Chirality 2017 Jul;29(7):348-357.PMID:28421627DOI:10.1002/chir.22695.
Imazethapyr (IM) is a chiral herbicide composed of an (-)-R-enantiomer and an (+)-S-enantiomer with differential herbicidal activity. In this study, the effects of microbial organisms, humidity, and temperature on the selective degradation of the (-)-R- and (+)-S-enantiomers of IM were determined in silty loam (SL) and clay loam (CL) soil with different pH values. The (-)-R-enantiomer of IM was preferentially degraded in two soils under different microorganism, humidity, and temperature conditions. The average half-lives of R-IM ranged from 43 to 66.1 days and were significantly shorter (P < 0.05) than those of S-IM, which ranged from 51.4 to 79.8 days. The enantiomer fraction (EF = (+)-S-enantiomer/((-)-R-enantiomer + (+)-S-enantiomer)) values were used to describe the enantioselectivity of degradation of IM were >0.5 (P < 0.05) in two unsterilized soils under different humidity and temperature conditions. The highest EF values were observed at unsterilized CL soil samples under 50% maximum water-holding capacity (MWHC) and 25 °C environmental conditions. The EF values of the IM enantiomers were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in CL soils (higher pH = 5.81) and were 0.581 (unsterilized) and 0.575 (50% MWHC; 25 °C) compared with those recorded in SL soil (lower pH = 4.85). In addition, this study revealed that microbial organisms preferentially utilized the more herbicidal active IM enantiomer.
Imazethapyr aqueous photolysis, reaction quantum yield, and hydroxyl radical rate constant
J Agric Food Chem 2006 Apr 5;54(7):2635-9.PMID:16569055DOI:10.1021/jf052214b.
The recent introduction of imidazolinone-tolerant rice varieties allow Imazethapyr to be used in commercial rice. Little is known about Imazethapyr photodegradation in the rice field. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the direct and indirect photolysis rates for Imazethapyr and to evaluate the photolysis of Imazethapyr in three rice paddy waters. The reaction quantum yield (phi I) for Imazethapyr was determined to be 0.023 +/- 0.002, while the hydroxyl radical rate constant (K(I)*OH) was 2.8 x 10(13) M(-1) h(-1). These results show that Imazethapyr is susceptible to both direct and indirect photolysis reactions in water. The results also show that Imazethapyr photolysis in paddy water will be affected by turbidity because of its impact on the availability of sunlight to drive direct and indirect photolysis reactions.