Itaconic acid
(Synonyms: 衣康酸) 目录号 : GC12809
Itaconic acid是一种不饱和二羧酸，可由原核生物和真菌合成，也可在哺乳动物巨噬细胞感染过程中由乌头酸脱羧酶1（ACOD1，也称为IRG1）产生和分泌。
Cas No.:97-65-4
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Itaconic acid, an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, can be synthesized by prokaryotes and fungi, and is also produced and secreted by aconitate decarboxylase1 (ACOD1, also known as IRG1) in mammalian macrophages during infections[1][2]. It is an endogenous antibacterial metabolite that reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines through various mechanisms[3].
Itaconic acid (10mM, 24h) inhibit S. typhimurium replication in the macrophage[4]. Itaconic acid (4mM, 6-24h) activates autophagy through increased the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta-II (MAP1LC3β-II) in PANC1 cells[5].
Itaconic acid (50mg/kg, once every other day, 2 weeks, i.p.) suppresses tumor growth in human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC1 mouse model[5].
References:
[1] Cordes T, Michelucci A, Hiller K. Itaconic acid: the surprising role of an industrial compound as a mammalian antimicrobial metabolite. Annual review of nutrition. 2015 Jul 17;35(1):451-73.
[2] Wu R, Chen F, Wang N, et al. ACOD1 in immunometabolism and disease. Cellular & molecular immunology. 2020 Aug;17(8):822-33.
[3] Mills EL, Ryan DG, Prag HA, et al. Itaconate is an anti-inflammatory metabolite that activates Nrf2 via alkylation of KEAP1. Nature. 2018 Apr 5;556(7699):113-7.
[4] Zhu X, Guo Y, Liu Z, et al. Itaconic acid exerts anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects via promoting pentose phosphate pathway to produce ROS. Scientific reports. 2021 Sep 13;11(1):18173.
[5] Qu C, Dai E, Lai T, et al. Itaconic acid induces ferroptosis by activating ferritinophagy. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2021 Dec 17;583:56-62.
Itaconic acid是一种不饱和二羧酸，可由原核生物和真菌合成，也可在哺乳动物巨噬细胞感染过程中由乌头酸脱羧酶1（ACOD1，也称为IRG1）产生和分泌[1][2]。它是一种内源性抗菌代谢物，可通过多种机制减少促炎细胞因子的产生[3]。
Itaconic acid（10mM, 24h）可抑制巨噬细胞中的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌复制[4]。Itaconic acid（4mM，6-24h）通过增加PANC1细胞中微管相关蛋白1轻链3β-II（MAP1LC3β-II）的表达来激活自噬[5]。
Itaconic acid（50mg/kg，隔日一次，2周，腹腔注射）可抑制人胰腺癌细胞系PANC1小鼠模型中的肿瘤生长[5]。
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | Monocyte/macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7 and RAW264.7-IRG1KO |
Preparation Method | Salmonella typhimurium strain 14028 (ATCC) was cultured aerobically at 37°C in Luria–Bertani (LB) broth overnight. Cultured bacteria were recovered by centrifuging at 10,000g for 30s, then washed twice and re-suspended in sterile PBS (pH7.2) with a suitable concentration. Salmonella typhimurium (~ 100:1) was added into medium of cultured cells (RAW264.7 and RAW264.7-IRG1KO). After 30min of co-culture, gentamicin was added at a final concentration of 100μg/mL to clear bacteria in medium. One hour later, medium was replaced with fresh medium containing 16μg/mL gentamicin and maintained with or without treatments (10mM Itaconic acid, 2.5mM N-acetyl-L-cysteine) for 24h. Then cells were collected, weighted, and lysed for 10min with TritonX-100 (0.1%). Cell lysates with bacteria were diluted with PBS into desired concentration and the bacteria number was determined by plate counts on solid LB culture medium. Six repeats were conducted for each of the treatment. |
Reaction Conditions | 10mM, 24h |
Applications | Itaconic acid can inhibit S. typhimurium replication in the macrophage. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | Human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC1 mouse model |
Preparation Method | To generate murine subcutaneous tumors, 5×106 PANC1 cells in 100μl PBS were injected subcutaneously into the right of the dorsal midline in 6- to 8-week-old female athymic nude mice (n = 6 mice/group). After the tumor reached 60-80mm3 on day 7, the mice were randomly grouped and then given intraperitoneal injections with Itaconic acid (50mg/kg, once every other day) at day 7 for 2 weeks. |
Dosage form | 50mg/kg, once every other day, 2 weeks, i.p. |
Applications | Itaconic acid suppresses tumor growth in pancreatic cancer mouse model. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 97-65-4 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 衣康酸 | ||
| 化学名 | 2-methylenesuccinic acid | ||
| Canonical SMILES | C=C(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C5H6O4 | 分子量 | 130.1 |
| 溶解度 | ≥ 13mg/mL in DMSO | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 7.6864 mL | 38.432 mL | 76.864 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.5373 mL | 7.6864 mL | 15.3728 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.7686 mL | 3.8432 mL | 7.6864 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet