Karrikinolide

Karrikinolide is a compound extracted from charred plant material and its smoke that breaks seed dormancy, stimulates germination and promotes seedling vigor, with applications in horticulture, ecological restoration, and agriculture^[1-3]. Karrikinolide is highly active in promoting seed germination at low concentrations. Karrikinolide (1 nM) reduced the expression levels of genes related to abscisic acid biosynthesis and signal transduction by regulating the relative expression of gibberellin biosynthesis genes, thereby improving the seed germination rate under salt stress. Under salt stress, exogenous addition of Karrikinolide significantly induced antioxidant activity, reduced endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and reduced electrolyte leakage. Karrikinolide maintained K⁺/Na⁺ homeostasis and enhanced the tolerance of wheat seedlings to salinity and alkali stress^[3].

References:
[1] Burger B V, Pošta M, Light M E, et al. More butenolides from plant-derived smoke with germination inhibitory activity against karrikinolide[J]. South African Journal of Botany, 2018, 115: 256-263.
[2] Aremu AO, et al. Cytokinin profiles in ex vitro acclimatized Eucomis autumnalis plants pre-treated with smoke-derived karrikinolide. Plant Cell Rep. 2016 Jan;35(1):227-38.
[3] Shah F A, Ni J, Tang C, et al. Karrikinolide alleviates salt stress in wheat by regulating the redox and K⁺/Na⁺ homeostasis[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2021, 167: 921-933.

Karrikinolide是从烧焦的植物材料及其烟雾中提取出的化合物，具有打破种子休眠，刺激发芽，促进幼苗活力的作用，可应用于园艺、生态恢复和农业^[1-3]。低浓度的Karrikinolide在促进种子萌发方面具有高度活性。Karrikinolide（1 nM）通过调控赤霉素生物合成基因的相对表达来降低脱落酸生物合成和信号转导相关基因的表达水平，提高了盐胁迫下的种子萌发率。在盐胁迫下，外源添加Karrikinolide显著诱导抗氧化剂活性，降低内源性过氧化氢（H₂O₂ ）及丙二醛（MDA）水平，减少电解质泄漏。Karrikinolide保持了K⁺/Na⁺稳态，增强了小麦幼苗对盐碱的耐受性^[3]。