Katacalcin (PDN 21)
(Synonyms: 抗钙素; PDN 21) 目录号 : GC33793
Katacalcin (PDN 21) (PDN 21) 是一种有效的血浆降钙肽。
Cas No.:85916-47-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Kinase experiment: | Leukocyte migration is measured using a modified 48-blind well microchemotaxis chamber equipped with 5 μm pore-sized nitrocellulose filters for CD14+ PBMC chemotaxis. In some experiments cells are incubated for 20 minutes with GFX (500 nM), Staurosporine (10 ng/mL), Tyrphostin-23 (10 ng/mL), Wortmannin (WTN) (10 nmol/liter), Protein kinase A inhibitor (PKI) (from 0.1 to 100 ng/mL) or Rp-cAMPS (from 100 pM to 100 μM), or CTX (1 nM) or pertussis toxin (PTX) (1 nM). For determination of Katacalcin 's potency to deactivate CD14+ PBMC chemotaxis toward fMLP, cells are incubated with Katacalcin (from 1 amol/liter to 1 μmol/liter) for 20 minutes. For control, cAMP-independent migration of CD14+ PBMC toward bombesin is tested in some of the experiments. After washing twice, 50 μL of a cell suspension (1×106 cells/mL) is put into the upper compartment of the chemotaxis chamber and cells are allowed to migrate for 90 minutes toward peptides derived from the calc-1 gene in the lower wells. After these migration periods, the filters are dehydrated, fixed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Migration depth is quantified by microscopy, measuring the distance from the surface of the filter to the leading front of three cells migration[2]. |
References: [1]. Hillyard CJ, et al. Katacalcin: a new plasma calcium-lowering hormone. Lancet. 1983 Apr 16;1(8329):846-8. | |
Katacalcin is a second potent plasma calcium-lowering peptide.
Katacalcin is a potent plasma calcium lowering peptide. Katacalcin belongs to the calcitonin family, that causes a rapid but short-lived drop in the level of calcium and phosphate in blood by promoting the incorporation of these ions in the bones[1]. Katacalcin (KC) belongs to a small family of polypeptides that are encoded by the calc-1 gene and also include calcitonin (CT) and procalcitonin NH2-terminal cleavage peptide (N-ProCT). Katacalcin pretreatment leads to a concentration-dependent decrease at concentrations between 1 amol/liter and 10 fmol/liter and is a more potent inhibitor of fMLP-induced chemotaxis than CT or procalcitonin (PCT). Katacalcin deactivates CD14+ peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) chemotaxis not only toward N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) but also toward other attractants of the chemokine family (heterologous deactivation) as well as toward PCT and CT. Pretreatment of CD14+ PBMCs with Katacalcin also deactivates subsequent chemotaxis toward Katacalcin itself. Katacalcin elicites concentration-dependent migration of CD14+ PBMC at concentrations from the atomolar to the micromolar range and deactivates attractant-induced chemotaxis. Katacalcin regulates human CD14+ PBMC migration via signaling events involving protein kinase A-dependent cAMP pathways[2].
[1]. Hillyard CJ, et al. Katacalcin: a new plasma calcium-lowering hormone. Lancet. 1983 Apr 16;1(8329):846-8. [2]. Kaneider NC, et al. Involvement of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase A and pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins in the migratory response of human CD14+ mononuclear cells tokatacalcin. J Bone Miner Res. 2002 Oct;17(10):1872-82.
| Cas No. | 85916-47-8 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 抗钙素; PDN 21 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | Asp-Met-Ser-Ser-Asp-Leu-Glu-Arg-Asp-His-Arg-Pro-His-Val-Ser-Met-Pro-Gln-Asn-Ala-Asn | ||
| 分子式 | C97H154N34O36S2 | 分子量 | 2436.6 |
| 溶解度 | Soluble in Water | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
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| 1 mM | 0.4104 mL | 2.052 mL | 4.1041 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.0821 mL | 0.4104 mL | 0.8208 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.041 mL | 0.2052 mL | 0.4104 mL |
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Evaluation of sensitive PDN-21 (Katacalcin) determination as tumor marker in medullary thyroid carcinoma
J Endocrinol Invest 1992 Feb;15(2):93-8.PMID:1569295DOI:10.1007/BF03348671.
PDN-21 (Katacalcin), a peptide from the calcitonin (CT) gene, was measured in plasma from healthy persons and patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). PDN-21 was detectable (greater than or equal to 10 ng/l) in 73% of normal persons (n = 40). In 17 normal persons with undetectable basal plasma levels, PDN-21 became detectable (greater than or equal to 10 ng/l) by stimulation with iv pentagastrin in 7 cases. Basal levels were more often detectable in men than in women. In 65 patients with MTC, PDN-21 levels were highly correlated with CT levels as determined by an "in house" RIA (r = 0.99); the mean ratio of CT/PDN-21, on a molar base, was 0.96 +/- 0.33 over the entire range. In iv stimulation tests with pentagastrin, PDN-21 and CT showed good parallelism (mean ratio of CT/PDN-21: 1.1 +/- 0.62); in MTC patients with normal basal levels, however, peak to basal ratios during iv pentagastrin testing were higher for PDN-21 than for CT, due to the more sensitive PDN-21 assay. In a selective venous catheter study of a patient with MTC, the mean CT/PDN-21 ratio for all samples was 1.04 +/- 0.12, but the peak to peripheral levels were higher for PDN-21 (4.1-fold) than for CT (2.8-fold). In conclusion, determination of PDN-21 by RIA is equivalent to determination of CT in diagnosing MTC patients. In few patients, it might be even slightly more sensitive. PDN-21 should be determined in all cases with borderline CT results.
Measurement of serum PDN-21 (Katacalcin) levels by radioimmunoassay in patients with various thyroid diseases
Exp Clin Endocrinol 1994;102(5):370-3.PMID:7867699DOI:10.1055/s-0029-1211306.
We established a radioimmunoassay (RIA) using anti-PDN-21 antiserum, which was obtained by immunizing rabbits with synthesized PDN-21, and the basic results are described in this report, with discussion of the significance of PDN-21 determination in various thyroid diseases. In this RIA, the double antibody technique was used for B/F separation. This assay yielded excellent standard curves, specificity, recovery and reproducibility showing that the assay is satisfactory from the clinical standpoint. The upper limit of the normal PDN-21 level was 67 pg/ml in 98 healthy persons. Only patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid among patients with various thyroid diseases showed specifically positive assay results. The level was 110 to 18,300 pg/ml (mean, 5,940 pg/ml) in 7 patients whose levels were determined preoperatively, and 64 to 140,000 pg/ml (mean, 10,900 pg/ml) in 18 patients whose levels were determined postoperatively. Thus, PDN-21 levels increased very sharply in the settings of recurrence and tumor residue. These results suggest that PDN-21 has the potential to be an extremely sensitive, highly specific marker for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.
Cosecretion of calcitonin gene products: studies with a C18 cartridge extraction method for human plasma PDN-21 (Katacalcin)
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988 Mar;66(3):640-4.PMID:3350911DOI:10.1210/jcem-66-3-640.
PDN-21, the carboxyl-terminal flanking peptide encoded by the calcitonin (CT) gene, has been found in plasma of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma and reportedly is cosecreted with CT. To test whether PDN-21 and CT are cosecreted in normal subjects, we developed a RIA for PDN-21 and measured immunoreactive CT and PDN-21 in whole plasma and silica or C18 cartridge extracts of plasma (exCT, exPDN-21) before and after calcium (Ca) infusion (2 mg Ca/kg over 5 min) in nine normal men and nine normal women. Plasma CT and immunoreactive PDN-21 levels were often below the assay detection limits. In contrast, basal exCT and exPDN-21 were detectable in all plasma samples, and the concentrations of both were significantly higher in men than in women [basal exCT (mean +/- SE): men, 4.8 +/- 0.3 ng/L; women, 2.4 +/- 0.3 (P less than 0.001); basal exPDN-21: men, 4.7 +/- 0.3 ng/L; women, 3.3 +/- 0.3 (P less than 0.01)]. Ca infusion sharply increased CT and PDN-21 concentrations in both sexes, but the increments were greatest in men [mean (+/-SE) increment of exCT: men, 37.2 +/- 3.9 ng/L; women, 15.7 +/- 4.3 (P less than 0.002); mean increment of exPDN-21: men, 29.7 +/- 4.7 ng/L; women, 11.0 +/- 3.1 (P less than 0.005)]. The molar concentrations of exCT and exPDN-21 were closely correlated (r = 0.97; P less than 0.001). With our antiserum, the extraction-concentration technique for measurement of PDN-21 had increased sensitivity and decreased nonspecific interference compared to the whole plasma assay. We conclude that CT and PDN-21 are cosecreted from normal thyroid C-cells under the control of extracellular fluid Ca, and that men have greater secretory capacity for both peptides than women. Plasma PDN-21 may serve alternatively to CT as a marker for C-cell activity.
PDN-21 (Katacalcin) and chromogranin A: tumor markers for medullary thyroid carcinoma
Henry Ford Hosp Med J 1992;40(3-4):296-8.PMID:1483876doi
The malignant C-cell releases several markers of potential clinical significance into the circulation. To determine the usefulness of these markers for management of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), it is necessary to compare the usefulness of these markers with calcitonin (CT), the classical tumor marker for MTC. Measurement of serum concentrations of the peptide PDN-21 (Katacalcin), a carboxyterminal cleavage product of procalcitonin, showed a high correlation with serum CT levels (r = 0.99, P < 0.01, n = 65 patients with MTC). The presence of equimolar concentrations of CT and PDN-21 (CT/PDN-21 molar ratio = 0.95 +/- 0.33) indicates the peptide is cosecreted with CT. Stimulation of CT release by intravenous pentagastrin was associated with a parallel increase of PDN-21, providing further evidence of cosecretion of these two peptides. Finally, measurement of either PDN-21 or CT in selective venous catheterization specimens was useful for localization of MTC. Chromogranin A (CgA) levels were also measured in patients with MTC. Circulating levels were elevated in most patients with advanced disease. There was a moderate correlation between CgA and CT serum levels (r = 0.87, P < 0.01, n = 61 patients with MTC). Pentagastrin did not stimulate CgA, and the long half-life of CgA in the circulation did not make it possible to use this peptide for tumor localization by selective venous catheterization. We conclude that measurement of PDN-21 provides an independent assay system for diagnosis, localization, and postoperative management of MTC, whereas CgA measurement is not useful in early diagnosis of MTC and is of limited value for localization or management of progressive disease.
Evidence for precursors of calcitonin/PDN 21 in human milk
Regul Pept 1987 Oct;19(1-2):65-71.PMID:3685455DOI:10.1016/0167-0115(87)90075-9.
Large amounts of immunoreactive PDN-21 (iPDN -21) were found in human milk in concentrations similar to those of immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT): 187 +/- 73 pM (mean +/- S.D.) vs 210 +/- 83 pM. (n = 17). Calcitonin (CT) was immunoextracted from milk by means of CT antibodies coupled to Sepharose 4B, and the extracts were gel-chromatographed on Sephadex G-75 after treatment with 6 M guanidine HCl. iCT and iPDN-21 in the fractions were determined with radioimmunoassay. The main part of iCT eluted as high molecular weight forms and these fractions also contained iPDN-21. Enzymatic cleavage of immunoextracted milk CT by trypsin demonstrated that iPDN-21 could be split apart from the high molecular weight forms and be recovered at the position of synthetic human PDN-21 on gel chromatography. iCT was eluted in the region of monomeric CT and as larger forms. Since PDN-21 constitutes the carboxyterminal of preprocalcitonin, our results indicate that human milk contains precursors of calcitonin.