Ketoisovaleric acid
(Synonyms: 3-甲基-2-氧丁酸) 目录号 : GC13084
Ketoisovaleric acid（KIV）是亮氨酸和缬氨酸合成的前体。
Cas No.:759-05-7
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Ketoisovaleric acid (KIV) is as a precursor in leucine and valine synthesis[1]. Ketoisovaleric acid can serve as an initial compound in vitamin B5 biosynthesis of Escherichia coli[2]. Long-term high levels of Ketoisovaleric acid are associated with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)[3, 4].
Ketoisovaleric acid (1 to 5mM; 1h) significantly reduced the content of nonenzymatic antioxidants in the cerebral cortex in vitro, thereby decreasing the antioxidant responsiveness of cortical cells[3]. Ketoisovaleric acid (5mM; 24h) moderately suppressed lymphocyte DNA synthesis, which caused an in vitro immunosuppression[5].
Ketoisovaleric acid (5μmol/2μl; intrahippocampal injection; 10min) was administered to male rat, which provoked rat learning deficits in the inhibitory avoidance task[6]. Ketoisovaleric acid (8μmol/2μl; intrastriatal administraion; 20min) could induce seizures in rats[7].
References:
[1] NSHIMIYIMANA P, LIU L, DU G. Engineering of L-amino acid deaminases for the production of alpha-keto acids from L-amino acids [J]. Bioengineered, 2019, 10(1): 43-51.
[2] CHASSAGNOLE C, DIANO A, LETISSE F, et al. Metabolic network analysis during fed-batch cultivation of Corynebacterium glutamicum for pantothenic acid production: first quantitative data and analysis of by-product formation [J]. J Biotechnol, 2003, 104(1-3): 261-72.
[3] BRIDI R, BRAUN C A, ZORZI G K, et al. alpha-keto acids accumulating in maple syrup urine disease stimulate lipid peroxidation and reduce antioxidant defences in cerebral cortex from young rats [J]. Metab Brain Dis, 2005, 20(2): 155-67.
[4] RABELO F, LEMOS I D S, DAL TOE C P, et al. Acute effects of intracerebroventricular administration of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid in young rats on inflammatory parameters [J]. Metab Brain Dis, 2023, 38(5): 1573-9.
[5] SCHLOTTFELDT J, BLAZINA L R, WANNMACHER C M, et al. The effect of organic acids on phytohaemagglutinin-activated proliferation of human lymphocytes in vitro [J]. Int J Immunopharmacol, 1995, 17(3): 175-82.
[6] DE CASTRO VASQUES V, DE BOER M A, DILIGENTI F, et al. Intrahippocampal administration of the alpha-keto acids accumulating in maple syrup urine disease provokes learning deficits in rats [J]. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 2004, 77(1): 183-90.
[7] COITINHO A S, DE MELLO C F, LIMA T T, et al. Pharmacological evidence that alpha-ketoisovaleric acid induces convulsions through GABAergic and glutamatergic mechanisms in rats [J]. Brain research, 2001, 894(1): 68-73.
Ketoisovaleric acid（KIV）是亮氨酸和缬氨酸合成的前体[1]。Ketoisovaleric acid能够作为大肠杆菌维生素B5生物合成的初始化合物[2]。长期高水平的Ketoisovaleric acid与MSUD（maple syrup urine disease；枫糖浆尿病）有关[3, 4]。
Ketoisovaleric acid（1 to 5mM；1h）显著降低了体外脑皮层中非酶抗氧化剂的含量，从而降低了皮层细胞的抗氧化反应性[3]。Ketoisovaleric acid（5mM；24h）适度抑制了淋巴细胞DNA合成，引发免疫抑制[5]。
使用Ketoisovaleric acid（5μmol/2μl; intrahippocampal injection; 10min）注入雄性大鼠海马后，引起大鼠在抑制性回避任务中的学习缺陷[6]。使用Ketoisovaleric acid（8μmol/2μl; intrastriatal administraion; 20min）注入大鼠纹状体后，可以诱导大鼠惊厥[7]。
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | Human primary lymphocyte |
Preparation Method | Peripheral venous blood was obtained from healthy adult individuals, and the cell was separated by the Ficoll-Hypaque (Pharmacia) gradient method. Lymphocytes (1×105 cells) were incubated at 37℃, a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 95% air in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin and 20% autologous serum. The cells were treated with 5mM Ketoisovaleric acid within 24h. |
Reaction Conditions | 5mM; 24h |
Applications | Ketoisovaleric acid moderately suppressed lymphocyte DNA synthesis and caused an immunosuppression in vitro. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | Male Wistar rats |
Preparation Method | 10min before training, a 30-gauge needle was inserted into the guide cannula, protruding 1mm from the tip of the cannula in order to administer a bilateral infusion of 2μl Ketoisovaleric acid into the dorsal hippocampus was administered to male rat, which affected rat performance in the inhibitory avoidance task, suggesting disruption of acquisition. |
Dosage form | 5μmol/2μl; 10min; intrahippocampal injection |
Applications | Ketoisovaleric acid affected rat performance in the inhibitory avoidance task. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 759-05-7 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 3-甲基-2-氧丁酸 | ||
| 化学名 | 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CC(C(C(O)=O)=O)C | ||
| 分子式 | C5H8O3 | 分子量 | 116.12 |
| 溶解度 | ≥ 11.6mg/mL in DMSO | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 8.6118 mL | 43.0589 mL | 86.1178 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.7224 mL | 8.6118 mL | 17.2236 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.8612 mL | 4.3059 mL | 8.6118 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet