L-Homocitrulline
(Synonyms: 高瓜氨酸) 目录号 : GC31587
An amino acid and a product of carbamylation
Cas No.:1190-49-4
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Homocitrulline is an amino acid and a product of carbamylation, a post-translational modification of proteins and amino acids.1,2 It is formed by the adduction of isocyanic acid, a product of urea degradation or thiocyanate oxidation induced by myeloperoxidase (MPO), to the ε-amino group of lysine residues.2 Protein-bound homocitrulline levels are increased in the aortas of transgenic Ldlr-/- mice expressing human MPO fed a high-fat atherogenic diet.3 Intra-articular injection of homocitrulline-containing peptides induce the development of arthritis in mice.4 Homocitrulline-containing peptide and anti-homocitrulline antibody levels are increased in whole blood from patients with erosive rheumatoid arthritis compared to patients with non-erosive rheumatoid arthritis.
1.Shi, J., Knevel, R., Suwannalai, P., et al.Autoantibodies recognizing carbamylated proteins are present in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and predict joint damageProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA108(42)17372-17377(2011) 2.Verbrugge, F.H., Tang, W.H.W., and Hazen, S.L.Protein carbamylation and cardiovascular diseaseKidney Int.88(3)474-478(2015) 3.Wang, Z., Nicholls, S.J., Rodriquez, E.R., et al.Protein carbamylation links inflammation, smoking, uremia and atherogenesisNat. Med.13(1)1176-1184(2007) 4.Mydel, P., Wang, Z., Brisslert, M., et al.Carbamylation-dependent activation of T cells: A novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritisJ. Immunol.184(12)6882-6890(2010)
| Cas No. | 1190-49-4 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 高瓜氨酸 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | [H][C@](N)(CCCCNC(N)=O)C(O)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C7H15N3O3 | 分子量 | 189.21 |
| 溶解度 | H2O : 33.33 mg/mL (176.15 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C); DMSO : < 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 5.2851 mL | 26.4257 mL | 52.8513 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.057 mL | 5.2851 mL | 10.5703 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.5285 mL | 2.6426 mL | 5.2851 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Absorption of homocitrulline from the gastrointestinal tract
1. Transport of L-homocitrulline, an amino acid which occurs in milk products, was studied with rat small intestine in vitro and from the human mouth in vivo. Absorption was partially dependent, in both systems, on the presence of sodium ions. 2. Metabolic inhibitors decreased L-homocitrulline uptake across the small intestine. Transport across the intestine did not occur against the concentration gradient but did show saturation kinetics. 3. The barbiturate, amytal, did not inhibit buccal absorption. Saturation kinetics were demonstrated. 4. Experiments were conducted with L-citrulline, or other amino acids, as possible inhibitors of L-homocitrulline transport. Results were compatible with Na+-dependent carrier-mediated uptake across the buccal mucosa. Active transport could be involved with the small intestine assuming that L-homocitrulline has a low affinity for the carrier system.
Identification of a new metabolite of L-homocitrulline
Metabolism of L-homocitrulline by a mouse liver enzyme
Serum metabolomic profiling reveals an increase in homocitrulline in Chinese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a retrospective study
Backgrounds: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has multiple causes, is triggered by individual genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and metabolic disturbances, and may be triggered by acquired metabolic stress. The metabolic profiles of NAFLD show significant ethnic differences, and the metabolic characteristics of NAFLD in Chinese individuals are unclear. Our study aimed to identify the metabolites and pathways associated with NAFLD in a Chinese cohort.
Methods: One hundred participants, including 50 NAFLD patients and 50 healthy controls, were enrolled in this retrospective observational study at Jinling Hospital in Nanjing; serum samples were collected from the patients and healthy subjects. The metabolome was determined in all samples by liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q/TOF-MS). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to compare the metabolic profiles between the two groups.
Results: The comparison indicated that the levels of 89 metabolites were different between the two groups. The glycerophospholipid family of metabolites was the most abundant family of metabolites that demonstrated significant differences. L-acetylcarnitine, L-homocitrulline, and glutamic acid were the top three metabolites ranked by VIP score and had favorable effective functions for diagnosis. Moreover, pathway enrichment analysis suggested 14 potentially different metabolic pathways between NAFLD patients and healthy controls based on their impact value. Biological modules involved in the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism had the highest relevance to the conditions of NAFLD. Glycerophospholipid metabolism had the strongest associations with the conditions of NAFLD.
Conclusions: Our data suggest that the serum metabolic profiles of NAFLD patients and healthy controls are different. L-Homocitrulline was remarkably increased in NAFLD patients.