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Leelamine Sale

(Synonyms: 脱氢松香胺) 目录号 : GC44048

An inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase

Leelamine Chemical Structure

Cas No.:1446-61-3

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产品描述

Leelamine is a diterpene molecule whose name derives from the Sanskrit word leela which means "play". It has weak affinity for the human central cannabinoid (CB1) and peripheral cannabinoid (CB2) receptors, exhibiting 20% displacement of [3H]-CP55940 at a concentration of 10 µM. Leelamine inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) with an IC50 value of 9.5 µM. Derivatives of leelamine exhibit anti-inflammatory activity and show moderate inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity from a variety of sources.

Chemical Properties

Cas No. 1446-61-3 SDF
别名 脱氢松香胺
Canonical SMILES CC(C)C(C=C1)=CC2=C1[C@]3(C)[C@](CC2)([H])[C@@](CN)(C)CCC3
分子式 C20H31N 分子量 285.5
溶解度 DMF: 30 mg/ml,DMSO: 30 mg/ml,Ethanol: 100 mg/ml,Ethanol:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:3): .25 mg/ml 储存条件 Store at -20°C
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1 mM 3.5026 mL 17.5131 mL 35.0263 mL
5 mM 0.7005 mL 3.5026 mL 7.0053 mL
10 mM 0.3503 mL 1.7513 mL 3.5026 mL
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Research Update

A Brief Overview of the Antitumoral Actions of Leelamine

Biomedicines 2019 Jul 19;7(3):53.PMID:31330969DOI:10.3390/biomedicines7030053.

For the last couple of decades, natural products, either applied singly or in conjunction with other cancer therapies including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have allowed us to combat different types of human cancers through the inhibition of their initiation and progression. The principal sources of these useful compounds are isolated from plants that were described in traditional medicines for their curative potential. Leelamine, derived from the bark of pine trees, was previously reported as having a weak agonistic effect on cannabinoid receptors and limited inhibitory effects on pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs). It has been reported to possess a strong lysosomotropic property; this feature enables its assembly inside the acidic compartments within a cell, such as lysosomes, which may eventually hinder endocytosis. In this review, we briefly highlight the varied antineoplastic actions of Leelamine that have found implications in pharmacological research, and the numerous intracellular targets affected by this agent that can effectively negate the oncogenic process.

Leelamine Exerts Antineoplastic Effects in Association with Modulating Mitogen‑Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Cascade

Nutr Cancer 2022;74(9):3375-3387.PMID:35579498DOI:10.1080/01635581.2022.2059092.

Mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a prominent signaling cascade that modulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, stress response, drug resistance, immune response, and cell motility. Activation of MAPK by various small molecules/natural compounds has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Herein, the effect of Leelamine (LEE, a triterpene derived from bark of pine trees) on the activation of MAPK in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and breast cancer (BC) cells was investigated. LEE induced potent cytotoxicity of HCC (HepG2 and HCCLM3) and BC (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7) cells over normal counterparts (MCF10A). LEE significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK MAPKs in a dose-dependent fashion and it did not affect the phosphorylation of ERK in HCC and BC cells. The apoptosis-driving effect of LEE was further demonstrated by cleavage of procaspase-3/Bid and suppression of prosurvival proteins (Bcl-xL and XIAP). Furthermore, LEE also reduced the SDF1-induced-migration and -invasion of HCC and BC cells. Taken together, the data demonstrated that LEE promotes apoptosis and induces an anti-motility effect by activating p38 and JNK MAPKs in HCC and BC cells.

Leelamine Modulates STAT5 Pathway Causing Both Autophagy and Apoptosis in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells

Biology (Basel) 2022 Feb 25;11(3):366.PMID:35336740DOI:10.3390/biology11030366.

Leelamine (LEE) has recently attracted significant attention for its growth inhibitory effects against melanoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer cells; however, its impact on hematological malignancies remains unclear. Here, we first investigate the cytotoxic effects of LEE on several human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. We noted that LEE stimulated both apoptosis and autophagy in CML cells. In addition, the constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) was suppressed substantially upon LEE treatment. Moreover, STAT5 knockdown with small interfering RNA (siRNA) increased LEE-induced apoptosis as well as autophagy and affected the levels of various oncogenic proteins. Thus, the targeted mitigation of STAT5 activation by LEE can contribute to its diverse anticancer effects by enhancing two distinct cell death pathways.

Leelamine suppresses cMyc expression in prostate cancer cells in vitro and inhibits prostate carcinogenesis in vivo

J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2021;7:16.PMID:34660908DOI:10.20517/2394-4722.2021.08.

Aim: Leelamine (LLM) inhibits growth of human prostate cancer cells but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of LLM on cMyc, which is overexpressed in a subset of human prostate cancers. Methods: The effect of LLM on cMyc expression and activity was determined by western blotting/confocal microscopy and luciferase reporter assay, respectively. A transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer (Hi-Myc) was used to determine chemopreventive efficacy of LLM. Results: Exposure of androgen sensitive (LNCaP) and castration-resistant (22Rv1) human prostate cancer cells to LLM resulted in downregulation of protein and mRNA levels of cMyc. Overexpression of cMyc partially attenuated LLM-mediated inhibition of colony formation, cell viability, and cell migration in 22Rv1 and/or PC-3 cells. LLM treatment decreased protein levels of cMyc targets (e.g., lactate dehydrogenase), however, overexpression of cMyc did not attenuate these effects. A trend for a decrease in expression level of cMyc protein was discernible in 22Rv1 xenografts from LLM-treated mice compared with control mice. The LLM treatment (10 mg/kg body weight, 5 times/week) was well-tolerated by Hi-Myc transgenic mice. The incidence of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma in situ, and microinvasion was lower in LLM-treated Hi-Myc mice but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The present study reveals that LLM inhibits cMyc expression in human prostate cancer cells in vitro but concentrations higher than 10 mg/kg may be required to achieve chemoprevention of prostate cancer.

Leelamine mediates cancer cell death through inhibition of intracellular cholesterol transport

Mol Cancer Ther 2014 Jul;13(7):1690-703.PMID:24688051DOI:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-13-0868.

Leelamine is a promising compound for the treatment of cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms leading to leelamine-mediated cell death have not been identified. This report shows that Leelamine is a weakly basic amine with lysosomotropic properties, leading to its accumulation inside acidic organelles such as lysosomes. This accumulation leads to homeostatic imbalance in the lysosomal endosomal cell compartments that disrupts autophagic flux and intracellular cholesterol trafficking as well as receptor-mediated endocytosis. Electron micrographs of leelamine-treated cancer cells displayed accumulation of autophagosomes, membrane whorls, and lipofuscin-like structures, indicating disruption of lysosomal cell compartments. Early in the process, leelamine-mediated killing was a caspase-independent event triggered by cholesterol accumulation, as depletion of cholesterol using β-cyclodextrin treatment attenuated the cell death and restored the subcellular structures identified by electron microscopy. Protein microarray-based analyses of the intracellular signaling cascades showed alterations in RTK-AKT/STAT/MAPK signaling cascades, which was subsequently confirmed by Western blotting. Inhibition of Akt, Erk, and Stat signaling, together with abnormal deregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases, was caused by the inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis. This study is the first report demonstrating that Leelamine is a lysosomotropic, intracellular cholesterol transport inhibitor with potential chemotherapeutic properties leading to inhibition of autophagic flux and induction of cholesterol accumulation in lysosomal/endosomal cell compartments. Importantly, the findings of this study show the potential of Leelamine to disrupt cholesterol homeostasis for treatment of advanced-stage cancers.