Levofloxacin N-oxide
(Synonyms: 左氧氟沙星EP杂质C (Levofloxacin N-Oxide)) 目录号 : GC40144
An inactive metabolite of levofloxacin
Cas No.:117678-38-3
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >95.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Levofloxacin N-oxide is an inactive metabolite of the antibiotic levofloxacin . Levofloxacin N-oxide is also a degradation product of levofloxacin that is formed through exposure to daylight or hydrogen peroxide.
| Cas No. | 117678-38-3 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 左氧氟沙星EP杂质C (Levofloxacin N-Oxide) | ||
| Canonical SMILES | FC1=C(N2CCN(CC2)(C)=O)C(OC[C@H](C)N3C=C(C(O)=O)C4=O)=C3C4=C1 | ||
| 分子式 | C18H20FN3O5 | 分子量 | 377.4 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: slightly soluble,Methanol: sonicated, slightly soluble | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.6497 mL | 13.2485 mL | 26.4971 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5299 mL | 2.6497 mL | 5.2994 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.265 mL | 1.3249 mL | 2.6497 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
In silico and in vitro genotoxicity evaluation of Levofloxacin N-oxide, an impurity in levofloxacin
Toxicol Mech Methods 2012 Apr;22(3):225-30.PMID:22087570DOI:10.3109/15376516.2011.635319.
Impurities in drug substances and drug products generally do not have beneficial effects and may impose a risk without associated benefit. Levofloxacin N-oxide is an impurity isolated from levofloxacin. However there is insufficient toxic information about Levofloxacin N-oxide. This study investigates the genotoxicity of this impurity by in silico and in vitro methods. We used Derek, a commercial structure-activity relationship software package as an in silico tool. The results showed that there was a structural alert (quinolone-3-carboxylic acid or naphthyridine analogue) in this impurity. Then the mouse lymphoma assay (MLA) and chromosome aberration assay in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells were conducted in vitro. Both assays were conducted in the presence or absence of S-9 mix. The test impurity was not mutagenic in the test of MLA. While there was a statistically significant increase in the number of metaphase CHL cells with structural aberrations at the concentration of 1 mg/mL with S-9 mix, and the aberrations rate is 6.5%. It did not significantly increase the number of structural aberration in CHL cells in the presence (at other two doses) or absence of S-9 mix. Based on these assays, Levofloxacin N-oxide could be controlled as a non-genotoxic impurity despite the DEREK alert for quinolone-3-carboxylic acid or naphthyridine analogue.
The degradation of levofloxacin in infusions exposed to daylight with an identification of a degradation product with HPLC-MS
Sci Rep 2019 Mar 6;9(1):3621.PMID:30842563DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-40201-9.
In this paper the decomposition product of levofloxacin was identified. Levofloxacin was dissolved in 0.9% NaCl, 5% glucose, and Ringer's solution. The solutions were divided into two batches: the first one was exposed to daylight and the second one was protected from it. The solutions were stored at the room temperature. The qualitative analysis of the degradation product was performed using MS and TOF detectors. The quantitative assay was done by a validated HPLC method. Visual inspection and pH assessment were done. Levofloxacin protected from daylight remained stable in 0.9% NaCl, 5% dextrose, and Ringer's solution. A slight decomposition of the analyte was observed in the solutions exposed to daylight with the fastest decomposition rate in Ringer's solution as compared with 0.9% NaCl and 5% dextrose solutions. The degradation product of levofloxacin detected with MS was Levofloxacin N-oxide. Levofloxacin solutions should be protected from direct daylight to maintain drug stability. Levofloxacin N-oxide is formed regardless of the solvent used.
Levofloxacin in nanostructured lipid carriers: Preformulation and critical process parameters for a highly incorporated formulation
Int J Pharm 2022 Oct 15;626:122193.PMID:36108993DOI:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122193.
The first step of a successful nanoformulation development is preformulation studies, in which the best excipients, drug-excipient compatibility and interactions can be identified. During the formulation, the critical process parameters and their impact must be studied to establish the stable system with a high drug entrapment efficiency (EE). This work followed these steps to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to deliver the antibiotic levofloxacin (LV). The preformulation studies covered drug solubility in excipients and thorough characterization using thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy. A design of experiment based on the process parameters identified nanoparticles with < 200 nm in size, polydispersity <= 0.3, zeta potential -21 to -24 mV, high EE formulations (>71 %) and an acceptable level of LV degradation products (0.37-1.13 %). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a drug degradation is reported and studied in work on nanostructured lipids. LV impurities following the NLC production were detected, mainly Levofloxacin N-oxide, a degradation product that has no antimicrobial activity and could interfere with LV quantification in spectrophotometric experiments. Also, the achievement of the highest EE in lipid nanoparticles than those described in the literature to date and the apparent protective action of NLC of entrapped-LV against degradation are important findings.
Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, excretion and plasma protein binding of 14C-levofloxacin after a single oral administration in the Rhesus monkey
Xenobiotica 2006 Jul;36(7):597-613.PMID:16864506DOI:10.1080/00498250600674436.
Levofloxacin's metabolism, excretion, and in vitro plasma protein binding, together with its pharmacokinetics, were studied in the Rhesus monkey in support of an anthrax efficacy study in this species. Three males and three female Rhesus monkeys were dosed with a single oral dose of 14C-levofloxacin at 15 mg kg-1 (2 MBq kg-1). Following dose administration, blood samples were collected up to 48 h post-dose, and urine and faeces were quantitatively collected up to 168 h post-dose. Blood, plasma, urine, and faeces were analysed for total radioactivity. Metabolite profiling and identification was performed using radio-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS/MS). Additionally, the plasma protein binding of levofloxacin was determined in vitro by means of equilibrium dialysis. Peak plasma levels of total radioactivity and levofloxacin were rapidly reached after oral administration with a total radioactivity blood: plasma ratio close to unity. The elimination half-life of levofloxacin was estimated at about 2 h. Total radioactivity was mainly excreted in urine (about 57-86% of the dose) with faecal excretion accounting for only a minor fraction of the total amount of excreted radioactivity (about 7.4-14.7%). In the plasma, the majority of total radioactivity was accounted for by levofloxacin. In addition, two minor metabolites, i.e. Levofloxacin N-oxide and presumably a glucuronide conjugate of levofloxacin, were detected. In the urine, five components were found, with levofloxacin being the major component. Minor metabolites included desmethyl levofloxacin, Levofloxacin N-oxide, and a glucuronide conjugate of levofloxacin. In the faeces, the major analyte was a polar metabolite, tentatively identified as a levofloxacin glucuronide. The in vitro plasma protein binding was low (on average 11.2%) and independent of concentration (1.0-10.0 microg ml-1). No sex differences were noted in any of the investigations. The present data indicated that the metabolism and excretion pattern, and also the in vitro plasma protein binding of levofloxacin in the Rhesus monkey, were comparable with those previously reported in man, hereby supporting the use of this animal species in the efficacy evaluation of levofloxacin against inhalation anthrax. The shorter half-life of levofloxacin in the Rhesus monkey relative to man (2 versus 7 h) prompted the development of an alternative dosing strategy for use in the efficacy study.
[HPLC-MS identification of degradation products of levofloxacin]
Yao Xue Xue Bao 2012 Apr;47(4):498-501.PMID:22799033doi
The study aims to identify the degradation products of levofloxacin by HPLC-MS. The degradation products of levofloxacin were chromatographed on Agilent Zorbax Extend-C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm). The mobile phase was 0.1% ammonium acetate solution (using methanoic acid to adjust to pH 3.5)-acetonitrile at the flow rate of 0.5 mL x min(-1) (gradient elution), the column temperature was 40 degrees C. Descarboxyl levofloxacin, desmethyl levofloxacin and Levofloxacin N-oxide were identified through comparing with the standard spectrum and the results of mass spectrometry, i.e. m/z 318.2 was descarboxyl levofloxacin, m/z 348.2 was desmethyl levofloxacin, m/z 378.1 was levofloxacin-N-oxide. This method is simple, fast, accurate and suitable for the identification of degradation products of levofloxacin.