Methoprene (ZR-515)

Methoprene (ZR-515) is a growth regulating insecticide belonging to the juvenile hormone analog (JHA). It inhibits the growth of pest populations by interfering with the normal development cycle of insects by simulating the effects of juvenile hormone^[1]. Methoprene is widely used to control mosquito larvae (such as Aedes and Culex), blocking their development into adults, thereby reducing the spread of mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue fever and Zika virus^[2]. Methoprene can interfere with midgut remodeling during mosquito metamorphosis^[3]. Methoprene has extremely low toxicity to non-target organisms (such as mammals and birds), has excellent environmental safety, and is suitable for integrated pest management (IPM) systems^[4].

In vitro, treatment of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cell line with Methoprene (0-200μM) for 24-72h inhibited cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner and significantly induced cell G2/M phase arrest^[5].

In vivo, Methoprene (2, 50, and 200μg/L) treatment of cherry shrimp Neocaridina Davidi reduced body length and molting frequency, and disrupted cuticle development and carbohydrate, peptide, and lipid metabolism^[6].

References:
[1] Ramaseshadri P, Farkaš R, Palli S R. Recent progress in juvenile hormone analogs (JHA) research[J]. Advances in insect physiology, 2012, 43: 353-436.
[2] Cuervo-Parra J A, Cortés T R, Ramirez-Lepe M. Mosquito-borne diseases, pesticides used for mosquito control, and development of resistance to insecticides[J]. Insecticides resistance. Rijeka: InTechOpen, 2016, 2: 111-34.
[3] Nishiura J T, Ho P, Ray K. Methoprene interferes with mosquito midgut remodeling during metamorphosis[J]. Journal of medical entomology, 2003, 40(4): 498-507.
[4] Munjal K, Gauttam V K, Mir S R, et al. Insect Growth Regulators[M]//Biopesticides Handbook. CRC Press, 2023: 223-242.
[5] Giraudo M, Califano J, Hilliou F, et al. Effects of hormone agonists on Sf9 cells, proliferation and cell cycle arrest[J]. PLoS One, 2011, 6(10): e25708.
[6] Hu X L, Niu J J, Meng Q, et al. Effects of two juvenile hormone analogue insecticides, fenoxycarb and methoprene, on Neocaridina davidi[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2019, 253: 89-99.

Methoprene (ZR-515)是一种生长调节杀虫剂，属于保幼激素类似物（JHA），通过模拟昆虫保幼激素的作用干扰其正常发育周期，从而抑制害虫种群增长^[1]。Methoprene广泛用于控制蚊虫幼虫（如伊蚊和库蚊），阻断其发育为成虫，从而减少登革热、寨卡病毒等蚊媒疾病的传播^[2]。Methoprene能够干扰蚊子变态过程中的中肠重塑^[3]。Methoprene对非靶标生物（如哺乳动物和鸟类）毒性极低，具有优异的环境安全性，适用于综合害虫管理（IPM）体系^[4]。

在体外，Methoprene（0-200μM）处理Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9细胞系24-72h，以剂量和时间依赖性方式抑制了细胞增殖，显著诱导了细胞G2/M期阻滞^[5]。

在体内，Methoprene（2, 50, 200μg/L）处理樱桃虾Neocaridina Davidi，降低了身体长度和换毛频率，干扰了角质层发育和碳水化合物，肽和脂质代谢^[6]。