Methyl gallate (Gallincin)

Methyl gallate is a phenol that has been found in Meliaceae and has diverse biological activities.^1,2,3,4 It reduces adipogenic hormonal stimulation-induced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells when used at a concentration of 50 ?M.¹ Methyl gallate is active against V. cholerae in vitro (MIC = 32 ?g/ml) and reduces V. cholerae-induced intestinal fluid accumulation in suckling mice when administered at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg.² It reduces tumor growth and decreases the number of intratumor CD25⁺Foxp3^high regulatory T cells (Tregs) in an EL-4 model of murine lymphoma.³ Methyl gallate (0.7, 7, and 70 mg/kg) reduces knee joint edema and leukocyte, neutrophil, and mononuclear cell infiltration in a mouse model of zymosan-induced arthritis.⁴

1.Jeon, M.J., Rahman, N., and Kim, Y.-S.Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a distinct role in methyl gallate-mediated inhibition of adipogenesisBiochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.479(1)22-27(2016) 2.Bag, P.K., Roy, N., Acharyya, S., et al.In vivo fluid accumulation-inhibitory, anticolonization and anti-inflammatory and in vitro biofilm-inhibitory activities of methyl gallate isolated from Terminalia chebula against fluoroquinolones resistant Vibrio choleraeMicrob. Pathog.12841-46(2019) 3.Lee, H., Lee, H., Kwon, Y., et al.Methyl gallate exhibits potent antitumor activities by inhibiting tumor infiltration of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cellsJ. Immunol.185(11)6698-6705(2010) 4.Correa, L.B., Pádua, T.A., Seito, L.N., et al.Anti-inflammatory effect of methyl gallate on experimental arthritis: Inhibition of neutrophil recruitment, production of inflammatory mediators, and activation of macrophagesJ. Nat. Prod.79(6)1554-1566(2016)