Monoethyl fumarate
(Synonyms: 富马酸单乙酯) 目录号 : GC61082
Monoethylfumarate是富马酸的单乙酯形式。Monoethylfumarate是一种有效的高分子材料的防腐剂和聚合剂。
Cas No.:2459-05-4
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Monoethyl fumarate is the monoethyl ester form of fumaric acid. Monoethyl fumarate is a kind of effective preservative and polymerization agent for macromolecular material[1].
[1]. Ausama Atwan, et al. Oral Fumaric Acid Esters for Psoriasis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Aug 10;2015(8):CD010497.
| Cas No. | 2459-05-4 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 富马酸单乙酯 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CCOC(/C=C/C(O)=O)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C6H8O4 | 分子量 | 144.13 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: 100 mg/mL; H20: 25 mg/mL | 储存条件 | 2-8°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 6.9382 mL | 34.6909 mL | 69.3818 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.3876 mL | 6.9382 mL | 13.8764 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.6938 mL | 3.4691 mL | 6.9382 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) vs. Monoethyl fumarate (MEF) salts for the treatment of plaque psoriasis: a review of clinical data
Arch Dermatol Res 2018 Aug;310(6):475-483.PMID:29574575DOI:10.1007/s00403-018-1825-9.
Fumarates (fumaric acid esters, FAEs) are orally administered systemic agents used for the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. In 1994, a proprietary combination of FAEs was licensed for psoriasis by the German Drug Administration for use within Germany. Since then, fumarates have been established as one of the most commonly used treatments for moderate-to-severe psoriasis in Germany and other countries. The licensed FAE formulation contains dimethyl fumarate (DMF), as well as calcium, zinc, and magnesium salts of Monoethyl fumarate (MEF). While the clinical efficacy of this FAE mixture is well established, the combination of esters on which it is based, and its dosing regimen, was determined empirically. Since the mid-1990s, the modes of action and contribution of the different FAEs to their overall therapeutic effect in psoriasis, as well as their adverse event profile, have been investigated in more detail. In this article, the available clinical data for DMF are reviewed and compared with data for the other FAEs. The current evidence substantiates that DMF is the main active compound, via its metabolic transformation to monomethyl fumarate (MMF). A recent phase III randomized and placebo-controlled trial including more than 700 patients demonstrated therapeutic equivalence when comparing the licensed FAE combination with DMF alone, in terms of psoriasis clearance according to the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Physician's Global Assessment (PGA). Thus, DMF as monotherapy for the treatment of psoriasis is as efficacious as in combination with MEF, making the addition of such fumarate derivatives unnecessary.
Dimethyl fumarate for treating relapsing multiple sclerosis
Expert Opin Drug Saf 2015 Jan;14(1):161-70.PMID:25382392DOI:10.1517/14740338.2015.977251.
Introduction: Outcomes of two large double-blind placebo-controlled studies of oral dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in multiple sclerosis (MS) provided the basis for its marketing approval as Tecfidera® by the US FDA in early 2013 and the European Medicines Agency in February 2014. The safety of DMF is complemented by experience in the use of an oral mixture of fumaric acid esters, including DMF for psoriasis (Fumaderm®; DMF and Monoethyl fumarate [DMF-MEF]) licensed in Germany in 1994. Areas covered: This article reviews the pivotal trials leading to the approval of DMF for MS and the pharmacological literature related to the extensive use of oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis over the last quarter century. Anecdotal reports of serious adverse reactions to DMF-MEF are also reviewed in this report. Expert opinion: DMF is generally safe and well tolerated. Flushing and gastrointestinal side effects are relatively common for the approved DMF dose but are ordinarily mild and self-limited. No increase in malignancies has been reported despite theoretical concerns. Although progressive multifocal encephalopathy has been reported anecdotally in 5 of > 196,000 patient-years of experience with fumaric acid esters, none of the 65,000 DMF MS patients treated in the first year has been affected. Appendix to the abstract: Subsequent to the acceptance of this article for publication, the manufacturer has notified physicians of the death of one patient from PML complicating use of DMF in the DEFINE study extension (ENDORSE). This does not alter the expert opinion rendered regarding the safety of DMF. We await the outcomes and recommendations from the ongoing investigation into this case.
Dimethyl fumarate and Monoethyl fumarate exhibit differential effects on KEAP1, NRF2 activation, and glutathione depletion in vitro
PLoS One 2015 Mar 20;10(3):e0120254.PMID:25793262DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0120254.
Delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (also known as gastro-resistant dimethyl fumarate), an oral therapeutic containing dimethyl fumarate (DMF) as the active ingredient, is currently approved for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis. DMF is also a component in a distinct mixture product with 3 different salts of Monoethyl fumarate (MEF), which is marketed for the treatment of psoriasis. Previous studies have provided insight into the pharmacologic properties of DMF, including modulation of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) pathway, and glutathione (GSH) modulation; however, those of MEF remain largely unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of DMF and MEF on KEAP1 modification, activation of the NRF2 pathway, and GSH conjugation. Using mass spectrometry, DMF treatment resulted in a robust modification of specific cysteine residues on KEAP1. In comparison, the overall degree of KEAP1 modification following MEF treatment was significantly less or undetectable. Consistent with KEAP1 cysteine modification, DMF treatment resulted in nuclear translocation of NRF2 and a robust transcriptional response in treated cells, as did MEF; however, the responses to MEF were of a lower magnitude or distinct compared to DMF. DMF was also shown to produce an acute concentration-dependent depletion of GSH; however, GSH levels eventually recovered and rose above baseline by 24 hours. In contrast, MEF did not cause acute reductions in GSH, but did produce an increase by 24 hours. Overall, these studies demonstrate that DMF and MEF are both pharmacologically active, but have differing degrees of activity as well as unique actions. These differences would be expected to result in divergent effects on downstream biology.
Preparation of monoethyl fumarate-based molecularly imprinted polymers and their application as a solid-phase extraction sorbent for the separation of scopolamine from tropane alkaloids
RSC Adv 2019 Jun 25;9(34):19712-19719.PMID:35519365DOI:10.1039/c9ra03542g.
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) prepared using conventional functional monomers exhibit poor specific extraction of scopolamine from tropane alkaloids, which hinders their application in separation and purification. In this paper, a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared by precipitation polymerization using scopolamine as the template, Monoethyl fumarate (MFMA) as a functional monomer, and ethylene dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linker. The advantages of the supercritical fluid technology for the removal of the template were verified by comparing the efficiency of the swelling method and the Soxhlet extraction method. The prepared MFMA-based MIPs (MFMA-MIPs) showed a high adsorption capacity (49.75 mg g-1) and high selectivity toward scopolamine with a selectivity coefficient of 3.5. 1H NMR spectroscopy was performed to demonstrate the interactions between the two functional groups of the functional monomer and the template. Lastly, MFMA-MIPs were used as solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbents for scopolamine analysis. It was found that 97.0-107.0% of the template had been extracted using the SPE column from the complex of scopolamine, atropine and anisodamine. The mean recoveries of scopolamine from plant samples were 96.0-106.0% using the established method, which showed a good linearity in the range of 8.0-4.0 × 104 μg L-1. The results showed that MFMA-MIPs could be applied for the separation of scopolamine from tropane alkaloids.
Dimethyl Fumarate: A Review in Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis
Drugs 2018 Jan;78(1):123-130.PMID:29236231DOI:10.1007/s40265-017-0854-6.
Fumaric acid esters (FAEs) have been used in the treatment of psoriasis in some European countries for over 20 years, and are recommended in the European guidelines for the management of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Dimethyl fumarate (Skilarence®; hereafter referred to as DMF) is an orally administered FAE indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis in adults in need of systemic medicinal therapy; unlike other available FAEs, it is not formulated in combination with Monoethyl fumarate salts. EU approval was based on results of the phase III BRIDGE trial, and supported by previous publications of FAE preparations, including a combination of FAEs containing dimethyl fumarate and Monoethyl fumarate salts (DMF/MEF; Fumaderm®). In the BRIDGE trial, DMF was superior to placebo in terms of the proportion of patients achieving a ≥ 75% improvement from baseline in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) and a Physician Global Assessment score of 0 (clear) or 1 (almost clear) at week 16. DMF was also noninferior to DMF/MEF for PASI 75 at week 16. Patients receiving DMF also reported clinically meaningful improvements in body surface area involvement and health-related quality of life. The safety profile of DMF was similar to that of DMF/MEF, and no major or unexpected safety concerns were identified. The most common adverse events (flushing and gastrointestinal disorders) occurred mainly during the first few weeks of treatment. Currently available data indicate that DMF is an effective oral systemic treatment option for patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.