Nicarbazin
(Synonyms: 尼卡巴嗪) 目录号 : GC61421
A coccidiostat
Cas No.:330-95-0
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Nicarbazine is a coccidiostat.1 It is composed of an equimolar complex of 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) and 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (HDP). Nicarbazine (0.01-0.04% in the diet) prevents mortality of, and suppresses oocyst production in, chickens infected with the parasites E. acervulina, E. necatrix, E. tenella, and P. gallinaceum. Dietary administration of nicarbazine (100 ppm) decreases the production, weight, and pigmentation of eggs produced by broiler breeder chickens.2 Formulations containing nicarbazine have been used in the prevention of coccidiosis in chickens.
1.Ott, W.H., Kuna, S., Porter, C.C., et al.Biological studies on nicarbazin, a new anticoccidial agentPoult. Sci.35(6)1355-1367(1956) 2.Hughes, B.L., Jones, J.E., and Toler, J.E.Effects of exposing broiler breeders to nicarbazin contaminated feedPoult. Sci.70(3)476-482(1991)
| Cas No. | 330-95-0 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 尼卡巴嗪 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1N=C(C)C=C(C)N1.O=C(NC2=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2)NC3=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C3 | ||
| 分子式 | C19H18N6O6 | 分子量 | 426.38 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: 8.93 mg/mL (20.94 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.3453 mL | 11.7266 mL | 23.4533 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4691 mL | 2.3453 mL | 4.6907 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2345 mL | 1.1727 mL | 2.3453 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Nicarbazin has no effect on reducing feral pigeon populations in Barcelona
Pest Manag Sci 2021 Jan;77(1):131-137.PMID:32652833DOI:10.1002/ps.6000.
Background: Nicarbazin is an anti-coccidial product sometimes used as a contraceptive to reduce the size of feral pigeon populations. However, its effectiveness in reducing pigeon population size in cities has caused some controversy. Here, we evaluate its effectiveness in the city of Barcelona. Results: In 2017, the Barcelona City Council set 23 feeding stations with Nicarbazin and ten with placebo (untreated corn). Censuses were undertaken before and after one year of treatment, within a 200-m radius around each feeder. We also censused 28 circles of 200 m radius distributed randomly 200 m from the feeders and 28 circles > 500 m from the feeders, which acted as controls. Population size across the whole city was also evaluated pre- and post treatment. We found that feral pigeon density did not change after one year of treatment, either in the circles around feeding stations with Nicarbazin or in the areas around control stations at 200 and > 500 m from the feeders. Population size in placebo circles rose after a year by 10%. A pigeon census for the whole of Barcelona showed a 10% increase. Conclusion: Overall, our results indicate that the Nicarbazin treatment had no effect on feral pigeon population size, and we advise against its use as a pigeon control method, at least in large cities.
Nicarbazin Residue in Tissues from Broilers Reared on Reused Litter Conditions
Animals (Basel) 2022 Nov 10;12(22):3107.PMID:36428335DOI:10.3390/ani12223107.
Nicarbazin (NCZ) is a worldwide used anticoccidial in poultry farming to avoid coccidiosis disease when chickens are reared on conventional poultry litter. If proper dosage and withdrawal time are not followed, the component dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) of NCZ may be present in chicken tissues, therefore posing a risk to consumers if the residues are above 200 µg/kg. Litter reuse is a common and important practice in commercial chicken production. Literature is lacking about the influence of litter reuse on DNC deposition in chicken tissues and its impact on food safety. We aimed to evaluate DNC residues in breast and liver by LC-MS/MS from broilers from an experiment with 10 consecutive flocks during 2 years. The experiment included three treatments containing NCZ in the diet (T1 = 125 mg/kg, 1−21 d; T2 = 125 mg/kg, 1−32 d; T3 = 40 mg/kg, 1−32 d). DNC residues in chicken breast at 21 d in T1 ranged from 648.8−926 µg/kg, at 32 d in T2 and T3 varied, respectively, from 232−667 µg/kg and 52−189 µg/kg. Regarding liver, DNC residues at 21 days in T1 ranged from 11,754−15,281 µg/kg, at 32 days in T2 and T3 varied, respectively, from 10,168−15,021 µg/kg and 2899−4573 µg/kg. When NCZ was withdrawn from feed, DNC residues dropped to
Safety and efficacy of Coxar® (Nicarbazin) for turkeys for fattening
EFSA J 2018 Apr 18;16(4):e05214.PMID:32625863DOI:10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5214.
The coccidiostat Coxar® is safe for turkeys for fattening at the use level of 100 mg Nicarbazin/kg complete feed, with a margin of safety of about 1.25. Nicarbazin, when ingested, is rapidly split in its two components 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (HDP) and dinitrocarbanilide (DNC), which behave independently. HDP-related residues are much lower than those of DNC. DNC is the marker residue. Liver is the target tissue. Nicarbazin is not genotoxic. The primary toxicity resulting from the oral use of Nicarbazin is renal toxicity. The lowest no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) identified in a 52-week study in rat using DNC+HDP is 20 mg DNC + 8 mg HDP/kg body weight (bw) per day based on the absence of microcrystals in urine and related microscopic renal observations. The use of 100 mg Nicarbazin from Coxar®/kg complete feed for turkeys for fattening will not pose a risk to consumers, provided that maximum contents in Nicarbazin of 0.1% p-nitroaniline (PNA) and 0.4% methyl(4-nitrophenyl) carbamate (M4NPC) would be respected. No withdrawal time is required. Residue data comply with the established maximum residue limits (MRLs). Nicarbazin is not a skin or eye irritant and not a skin sensitiser. These conclusions also apply to the additive Coxar®. Inhalation toxicity of Nicarbazin is limited; the granulated additive has a low dusting potential. No risk for users is identified. Based on the available data, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the safety of Coxar® for the environment. The efficacy of 100 mg Nicarbazin from Coxar®/kg feed was demonstrated in three anticoccidial sensitivity tests (AST), but only in one floor pen study. The floor pen study with 75 mg Nicarbazin failed to demonstrate evidence of efficacy. No final conclusions on the efficacy of Nicarbazin from Coxar® for turkeys for fattening can be drawn.
Synergistic effect of a combination of Nicarbazin and monensin against coccidiosis in the chicken caused by Eimeria spp
Avian Pathol 2020 Aug;49(4):389-393.PMID:32310002DOI:10.1080/03079457.2020.1756226.
A clinical study was made into the abilities of Nicarbazin and monensin and a Nicarbazin + monensin combination to control Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella in chickens. When included in the feed, at concentrations of 40 ppm Nicarbazin or 40 ppm monensin, these products showed partial efficacy evaluated by daily weight gain (DWG) but no activity judged by daily feed intake (DFI) or feed conversion ratio (FCR). By contrast, the combination of 40 ppm Nicarbazin + 40 ppm monensin provided complete control of infection judged by greater DWG and DFI, and lower FCR. Monensin at a concentration of 40 ppm was ineffective in preventing lesions caused by all three species. Nicarbazin at a concentration of 40 ppm was unable to suppress lesions of E. acervulina and E. maxima but was able to suppress lesions caused by E. tenella. Nicarbazin 40 ppm + monensin 40 ppm suppressed lesions of all three species. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Nicarbazin or monensin at 40 ppm gave only partial control of Eimeria spp. A combination of 40 ppm Nicarbazin + 40 ppm monensin controlled DWG, DFI and FCR. Nicarbazin or monensin at 40 ppm did not suppress all Eimeria spp. lesions. Nicarbazin 40 ppm + monensin 40 ppm suppressed lesions of all three species.
Current research, regulation, risk, analytical methods and monitoring results for Nicarbazin in chicken meat: A perspective review
Food Res Int 2017 Sep;99(Pt 1):31-40.PMID:28784488DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.011.
This review presents up-to-date information about current research on Nicarbazin, one of the most used anticoccidials in poultry production. The focus is to elucidate regulation concerning Nicarbazin, limits for its residues in food, how maximum residue limits in different countries are calculated regarding edible chicken tissues and the possible implications in human health. Analytical methods to extract and quantify this residue, expressed as dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) are presented and discussed, including qualitative screening and quantitative/confirmatory analytical methods. Monitoring results and occurrence of DNC residues in chicken meat are discussed. Additionally, the causes of eventual chicken meat contamination and possible solutions to reduce or eliminate DNC residue in tissues are also presented. The paper concludes with perspectives, the current state of DNC residue analysis and suggestions for future research, especially considering the gap in the study of residue recycling effect due to continuous chicken litter use.