Palmitate (calcium salt)
(Synonyms: 十六烷酸钙) 目录号 : GC44542
A saturated fatty acid
Cas No.:542-42-7
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Saturated fatty acids are synthesized by both plants and animals from acetyl coenzyme A as a form of long-term energy storage. Saturated fatty acids are synthesized by both plants and animals from acetyl coenzyme A as a form of long-term energy storage. Palmitic acid is a common 16-carbon saturated fat that represents 10-20% of the normal dietary fat intake. Palmitic acid also makes up approximately 25% of the total plasma fatty acids in plasma lipoproteins. Saturated free fatty acids induce the expression of cyclooxygenase 2, and after protein acylation, are used to confer lipid anchoring to a variety of signaling molecules. Palmitate is the salt (in this case calcium) of palmitic acid. It is this anion that is observed at physiological pH. Calcium palmitate is one of the major components of gallstones.
| Cas No. | 542-42-7 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 十六烷酸钙 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[O-].[Ca+2] | ||
| 分子式 | [C16H31O2]2•Ca2+ | 分子量 | 510.8 |
| 溶解度 | Chloroform: 0.3 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 1.9577 mL | 9.7886 mL | 19.5771 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3915 mL | 1.9577 mL | 3.9154 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.1958 mL | 0.9789 mL | 1.9577 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Precipitation of calcium Palmitate from bile salt-containing dispersions
Chem Phys Lipids 1988 Oct;48(3-4):231-43.PMID:3242951DOI:10.1016/0009-3084(88)90093-x.
Addition of calcium chloride to mixed micellar systems composed of sodium salts of palmitic acid and high concentrations of different bile acids results in precipitation of Ca(Palmitate)2 only when the Palmitate concentration exceeds a critical value, which is dependent on the concentrations of Ca2+, Na+ and bile salt, and on the type of bile salt used. All these dependencies, as well as the complex and interrelated effects of the various parameters on the kinetics of Ca(Palmitate)2 precipitation are consistent with the following mechanism: (i) calcium binds to palmitate-bile salt mixed micelles and promotes their aggregation, at a rate governed by the concentration ratio between bound calcium and micelles (here denoted "binding ratio"). (ii) Ca(Palmitate)2 precipitation occurs within the aggregate of micelles only if those micelles include sufficient amounts of Ca2+ and Palmitate to allow for the formation of large enough crystal units of Ca(Palmitate)2 which can serve as nucleation "seeds". Both the concentrations of micelles and Na+ have dual effects on the rate of precipitation. Increasing micelle concentration, by itself, accelerates aggregation but at the same time leads to a decrease of the binding ratio, thus reducing the rate of precipitation. Na+ which reduces the binding ratio through competitive binding also reduces the surface charge, thus assisting micelle aggregation. Our model also explains the facilitation of precipitation observed when phosphatidylcholine is contained in the palmitate-bile salt mixed micelles and the inhibitory effect of the water soluble bovine serum albumin.
Palmitoleic acid calcium salt: a lubricant and bactericidal powder from natural lipids
J Oleo Sci 2015;64(3):283-8.PMID:25757432DOI:10.5650/jos.ess14176.
Palmitoleic acid is a promising bactericidal agent for cleansing products with alternative bactericidal abilities. In this study, we focus on the physical and biological activity of palmitoleic acid calcium salt (C16:1 fatty acid Ca salt) because it forms via an ion-exchange reaction between palmitoleic acid and Ca ions in tap water, and remains on the skin surface during the cleansing process. Here, we prepared C16:1 fatty acid Ca salt to investigate its crystal structure and physical and bactericidal properties. The Ca salt was a plate-shaped lamellar crystalline powder with a particle diameter of several micrometers to several tens of micrometers; it exhibited significant lubricity and alternative bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). We also examined other fatty acid Ca salts prepared from lauric acid (C12:0 fatty acid), palmitic acid (C16:0 fatty acid), and oleic acid (C18:1 fatty acid). The bactericidal activities and lubricity of the fatty acid Ca salts changed with the alkyl chain length and the degree of unsaturation. The C16:1 fatty acid Ca salt exhibited the strongest selective bactericidal ability among the four investigated fatty acid Ca salts. These findings suggest that C16:1 fatty acid and its Ca salt have potential applications in cleansing and cosmetic products.
The distribution of calcium salt precipitates in the core, periphery and shell of cholesterol, black pigment and brown pigment gallstones
Hepatology 1994 May;19(5):1124-32.PMID:8175133doi
Calcium bilirubinate, Palmitate, carbonate and phosphate have been identified in the cores of cholesterol and pigment gallstones, suggesting a role for precipitated calcium salts in the early events of gallstone formation. Previous studies that compared the calcium salt contents of cholesterol and pigment stones required destruction of gallstone structure. We have used scanning electron microscopy with windowless energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis to determine the prevalence of calcium salts in a series of cholesterol (n = 105), black pigment (n = 35) and brown pigment (n = 6) gallstones obtained from 146 consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy. These techniques provide specific identification of cholesterol and individual calcium salts as they occur within the core, periphery and shell of gallstones without destroying stone structure. Calcium precipitates more than 0.5 micron in diameter can be detected in a cholesterol background at a detection limit of 0.01% by weight. Calcium salts were detected in the centers of 88% of cholesterol and 100% of black (p < 0.05 vs. cholesterol) and brown pigment stones. Calcium bilirubinate was identified in the cores of 54% of cholesterol and in all pigment stones (p < 0.001 black pigment vs. cholesterol). Calcium Palmitate was detected in all brown pigment stones, in 39% of cholesterol stones (p < 0.001 vs. brown pigment) and in 31% of black stones (p < 0.01 vs. brown pigment). Peripheral calcium salts were detected less in cholesterol (19%) than in black or brown stones (100%, p < 0.05). Fourteen percent of cholesterol and black pigment stones were surrounded by shells containing mostly calcium carbonate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The role of calcium in the pathogenesis of gallstones: Ca++ electrode studies of model bile salt solutions and other biologic systems. With an hypothesis on structural requirements for Ca++ binding to proteins and bile acids
Hepatology 1984 Sep-Oct;4(5 Suppl):228S-243S.PMID:6479882doi
Calcium is present in all pigment gallstones as a salt of one or more of the anions in bile which are most readily precipitable by calcium: (i) carbonate; (ii) bilirubinate; (iii) phosphate, and (iv) "Palmitate". We term these "calcium-sensitive" anions. In addition, since cholesterol stones have been found to contain pigment stone centers, we postulate that calcium precipitation in bile is a critical event in the initiation of cholesterol gallstones, so that the latter should be considered a two-stage process: (i) precipitation of calcium salts to form a nidus, and (ii) precipitation of cholesterol from its supersaturated state on this nidus. Any measure which will reduce free [Ca++] in bile will reduce calcium lithogenicity; possible ways to reduce [Ca++] in bile are presented. One way is to increase Ca++ binding by normal biliary constituents; we have recently pointed out that bile salts are important buffers for Ca++ in bile by virtue of binding to both free and micellar bile salts. Here, we consider some of our Ca++ electrode studies of taurocholate, glycocholate, serum albumin, and simple molecules having terminal carboxyl (CO0-) or sulfonic (SO-3) ions. A brief history of the development of the Ca++ electrode is given, along with theoretical considerations of ionic activities and techniques of electrode measurements. From the various studies, a unifying hypothesis is proposed for the structural requirements of Ca++-binding to proteins (albumin) and free monomeric bile salts. For proteins, unconjugated bile salts and glycine-conjugated bile salts, it is proposed that Ca++ binding involves a reversible ion-exchange "site" in which a Ca++ ion is interposed between carboxyl (CO0-) and hydroxyl (OH) groups. For taurine-conjugated bile salts, this "site" is proposed to involve the interposition of a Ca++ ion between the side-chain SO-3 and cholanic ring OH groups. These studies are a first step toward modulation of Ca++ activity in bile.
A statistical survey of the composition of gallstones in eight countries
Gut 1971 Jan;12(1):55-64.PMID:5543374DOI:10.1136/gut.12.1.55.
The crystalline composition of gallstones from Australia, England, Germany, India, Kuwait, South Africa, Sweden, and the USA has now been determined by the x-ray powder method. Eleven compounds were identified. The three cholesterols-cholesterol monohydrate, anhydrous cholesterol, and cholesterol II-account for 71% of the total crystalline material in the stones; the calcium carbonates-vaterite, aragonite, and calcite-contribute 15%, and calcium Palmitate contributes 6%. Smaller amounts of apatite, sodium chloride, whitlockite, and alpha-palmitic acid were also found. The composition distribution in each country is significantly different. Gallstones from Germany, Sweden, and Australia are the most similar. Gallstones from England have significantly more carbonate, and stones from South Africa have much less cholesterol and more calcium phosphate and calcium Palmitate. Stones from Kuwait have a large amount of calcium Palmitate and those from India an excess of calcium phosphate. The composition of stones related to the age and to the sex of a patient shows that although there are no significant differences in composition for patients under and over the age of 50 there are differences in the stone composition related to the patient's sex. Female patients form much more cholesterol while males form much more calcium Palmitate and slightly more calcium carbonate. The differences also exist for female and male patients over and under 50 years of age. A study of the texture and orientation of the crystalline material in the gallstones has shown that anhydrous cholesterol and cholesterol monohydrate can occur as single crystals oriented with respect to the nucleus whereas other stone components are disoriented crystallites.