Palmitoyl-L-carnitine-d3 (chloride)
(Synonyms: 十六烷酰基-L-肉碱-d3 （盐酸盐）) 目录号 : GC47868
Palmitoyl-L-carnitine-d3 (chloride)是Palmitoyl-L-carnitine的氘化形式，主要在质谱脂质分析中用作内标。
Cas No.:1334532-26-1
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Palmitoyl-L-carnitine-d3 (chloride) is a deuterated form of palmitoyl-L-carnitine, primarily used as an internal standard in mass spectrometry for the normalization in lipid analysis[1][2]. Palmitoyl-L-carnitine is a long-chain acylcarnitine as a major energy donor for β-oxidation, its transport into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by camitine palmitoyl transferase II[3]. Palmitoyl-L-carnitine is mainly used in the field of fatty acid metabolism[4] and mitochondrial function[5] .
Palmitoyl-L-carnitine (10µM; 10min) treatment can depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, opened the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), and increased ROS generation of rat ventricular myocytes[5]. In SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, treatment with 5μM palmitoyl-L-carnitine for 24h enhanced tau phosphorylation, increased mitochondrial fission, and elevated intracellular calcium levels[6].
Palmitoyl-L-carnitine chloride (5mg/kg) significantly enhanced the bioavailability of cefoxitin in different intestinal regions of rats, boosting it by 22-fold in the jejunum, 16-fold in the ileum, and over 32-fold in the colon[7].
References:
[1]. Kurokin I, Lauer AA, Janitschke D, et al. Targeted Lipidomics of Mitochondria in a Cellular Alzheimer's Disease Model. Biomedicines. 2021 Aug 21;9(8):1062. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9081062. PMID: 34440266; PMCID: PMC8393816.
[2]. Lauer AA, Griebsch LV, Pilz SM, et al. Impact of Vitamin D3 Deficiency on Phosphatidylcholine-/Ethanolamine, Plasmalogen-, Lyso-Phosphatidylcholine-/Ethanolamine, Carnitine- and Triacyl Glyceride-Homeostasis in Neuroblastoma Cells and Murine Brain. Biomolecules. 2021 Nov 15;11(11):1699. doi: 10.3390/biom11111699. PMID: 34827697; PMCID: PMC8615687.
[3]. Woeltje KF, Esser V, Weis BC, et al. Inter-tissue and inter-species characteristics of the mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase enzyme system. J Biol Chem. 1990 Jun 25;265(18):10714-9. PMID: 2355017.
[4]. Arduini A, Mancinelli G, Ramsay RR. Palmitoyl-L-carnitine, a metabolic intermediate of the fatty acid incorporation pathway in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Nov 30;173(1):212-7. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)81043-5. PMID: 2256917.
[5]. Tominaga H, Katoh H, Odagiri K, et al. Different effects of palmitoyl-L-carnitine and palmitoyl-CoA on mitochondrial function in rat ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008 Jul;295(1):H105-12. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.01307.2007. Epub 2008 May 9. PMID: 18469143.
[6]. Yoon G, Kam MK, Koh YH, Jo C. Palmitoyl-L-carnitine induces tau phosphorylation and mitochondrial dysfunction in neuronal cells. PLoS One. 2024 Nov 13;19(11):e0313507. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313507. PMID: 39536002; PMCID: PMC11560007.
[7]. Sutton SC, LeCluyse EL, Cammack L, Fix JA. Enhanced bioavailability of cefoxitin using palmitoyl L-carnitine. I. Enhancer activity in different intestinal regions. Pharm Res. 1992 Feb;9(2):191-4. doi: 10.1023/a:1018977021183. PMID: 1553340.
Palmitoyl-L-carnitine-d3 (chloride)是Palmitoyl-L-carnitine的氘化形式，主要在质谱脂质分析中用作内标[1][2]。Palmitoyl-L-carnitine是一种长链酰基肉碱，是β-氧化的主要能量供体，其进入线粒体基质的运输由肉碱棕榈酰转移酶II促进[3]。Palmitoyl-L-carnitine目前主要用于脂肪酸代谢[4]和线粒体功能[5]领域的研究。
Palmitoyl-L-carnitine (10µM; 10min) 处理可使大鼠心室肌细胞的线粒体膜电位去极化，线粒体通透性转换孔打开，并增加ROS生成[5]。在SH-SY5Y神经元细胞中，使用5μM Palmitoyl-L-carnitine处理24小时，可以增强tau蛋白磷酸化、线粒体分裂，并提高了细胞内钙离子水平[6]。
Palmitoyl-L-carnitine (5 mg/kg)显著增强了头孢西丁在大鼠不同肠道区域的生物利用度，在空肠中提高了22倍，在回肠中提高了16倍，在结肠中提高了超过32倍[7]。
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | Rat ventricular myocytes |
Preparation Method | Rat ventricular myocytes cells were treated with 10µM Palmitoyl-L-carnitine for 10min. Then mitochondrial membrane potential were determined using tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) indicator, and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening was measured by calcein intensity. |
Reaction Conditions | 10µM; 10min |
Applications | Palmitoyl-L-carnitine treatment depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential and opened the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | Sprague-Dawley Rats |
Preparation Method | Palmitoyl-L-carnitine chloride (5mg/kg) and Cefoxitin (40mg/kg) were co-administered into the external jugular vein of rats. Blood samples were collected from the opposite jugular vein just before and 5, 10,15, 30, 60, and 90min after administration, immediately processed to isolate serum, stored at -80℃, and assayed by HPLC. |
Dosage form | 5mg/kg; 5, 10,15, 30, 60, and 90min; i.v. |
Applications | Palmitoyl-L-carnitine chloride significantly enhanced the bioavailability of cefoxitin in different intestinal regions of rats. |
References: | |
| Cas No. | 1334532-26-1 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 十六烷酰基-L-肉碱-d3 （盐酸盐） | ||
| Canonical SMILES | OC(C[C@H](C[N+](C([2H])([2H])[2H])(C)C)OC(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)=O)=O.[Cl-] | ||
| 分子式 | C23H43D3NO4.Cl | 分子量 | 439.1 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: 20 mg/ml,DMSO: 10 mg/ml,Ethanol: 20 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.2774 mL | 11.3869 mL | 22.7739 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4555 mL | 2.2774 mL | 4.5548 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2277 mL | 1.1387 mL | 2.2774 mL |
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| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
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| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
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工作液浓度： mg/ml；
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2.
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
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