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Home >> Peptides >> Amyloid β protein

Amyloid β protein(β淀粉样蛋白)

Amyloid beta (Aβ or Abeta) denotes peptides of 36–43 amino acids that are the main component of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease. The peptides derive from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is cleaved by beta secretase and gamma secretase to yield Aβ. Aβ molecules can aggregate to form flexible soluble oligomers which may exist in several forms. It is now believed that certain misfolded oligomers (known as "seeds") can induce other Aβ molecules to also take the misfolded oligomeric form, leading to a chain reaction akin to a prion infection. The oligomers are toxic to nerve cells. The other protein implicated in Alzheimer's disease, tau protein, also forms such prion-like misfolded oligomers, and there is some evidence that misfolded Aβ can induce tau to misfold.

The normal function of Aβ is not well understood. Though some animal studies have shown that the absence of Aβ does not lead to any obvious loss of physiological function, several potential activities have been discovered for Aβ, including activation of kinase enzymes, protection against oxidative stress, regulation of cholesterol transport, functioning as a transcription factor, and anti-microbial activity (potentially associated with Aβ's pro-inflammatory activity).

The glymphatic system clears metabolic waste from the mammalian brain, and in particular amyloid beta. Indeed, a number of proteases have been implicated by both genetic and biochemical studies as being responsible for the recognition and degradation of amyloid beta; these include insulin degrading enzyme.and presequence protease. The rate of removal is significantly increased during sleep. However, the significance of the lymphatic system in Aβ clearance in Alzheimer's disease is unknown.

Products for  Amyloid β protein

  1. Cat.No. 产品名称 Information
  2. GC61988 β-amyloid (12-28) (TFA)

    Amyloid β-Protein (12-28) (TFA); Amyloid Beta-Peptide (12-28) (human) TFA; β-Amyloid protein fragment(12-28) TFA

     β-amyloid (12-28) TFA 是 β-淀粉样蛋白 (β1-42) 的肽片段。 β1-42 是 42 个氨基酸的蛋白质，是老年斑核心的主要成分。β-amyloid (12-28) 具有聚集特性。β-amyloid (12-28) 有潜力用于阿尔茨海默氏病的研究。
  3. GC46851 Amyloid-β (1-42) Peptide (trifluoroacetate salt)

    Aβ (1-42), Aβ42

     A 42-amino acid protein fragment of amyloid-β
  4. GC46850 Amyloid-β (1-40) Peptide (human) (trifluoroacetate salt)

    Aβ (1-40), Aβ40

     A neuropeptide with diverse biological activities
  5. GA23616 Tide Fluor™ 7WS-Amyloid β-Protein (1-40) Fluorescent dye-labeled Aβ40, excitation at 749nm, emission at 775nm. Tide Fluor™ 7WS shows strong fluorescence and excellent photostability.
  6. GA23614 Tide Fluor™ 5WS-Amyloid β-Protein (1-40) Fluorescent dye-labeled Aβ40, excitation at 649 nm, emission at 664 nm. Tide Fluor™ 5WS shows strong fluorescence and excellent photostability.
  7. GA23601 Teplow's Amyloid β-Protein (1-42) (scrambled II) This peptide is a specifically designed negative control in studies with Abeta42. It is "scrambled", which means it contains the same amino acids as Abeta42, but in different order. Referring to studies by Yamin and coworkers, Teplow's Amyloid β-Protein (1-42) does not show a number of phenomena regularly observed with Abeta42 (fibril formation, oligomerization, toxicity to neurons) and furthermore has a relatively flat hydropathy profile, which can be an advantage in several studies, for example in order to avoid unspecific interaction with the cell membrane.
  8. GA23600 Teplow's Amyloid β-Protein (1-40) (scrambled II) This peptide is a specifically designed negative control in studies with Abeta40. It is "scrambled", which means it contains the same amino acids as Abeta40, but in different order. Referring to studies by Yamin and coworkers, Teplow's Amyloid β-Protein (1-40) does not show a number of phenomena regularly observed with Abeta40 (fibril formation, oligomerization, toxicity to neurons) and furthermore has a relatively flat hydropathy profile, which can be an advantage in several studies, for example in order to avoid unspecific interaction with the cell membrane.
  9. GA23270 N-Me-Abz-Amyloid β/A4 Protein Precursor₇₇₀ (708-715)-Lys(Dnp)-D-Arg-D-Arg-D-Arg amide Intramolecularly quenched fluorescent, presenilin-dependent substrate for assaying γ-secretase activity. The FRET substrate has been used for partial purification and characterization of γ-secretase from post-mortem human brain.
  10. GA23175 Mca-Amyloid β/A4 Protein Precursor₇₇₀ (667-676)-Lys(Dnp)-Arg-Arg amide This fluorescent (FRET) peptide substrate contains the wild-type amyloid precursor protein (APP) β-secretase cleavage site. Mca-SEVKMDAEFRK(Dnp)RR- amide has been used for assaying β-secretase-like activity of thimet oligopeptidase (TOP, EC 3.4.24.15). The results suggested that TOP is a potential β-secretase candidate and is involved in the processing of APP in vivo. See also L-1905.
  11. GA23172 Mca-(Asn⁶⁷⁰,Leu⁶⁷¹)-Amyloid β/A4 Protein Precursor₇₇₀ (667-675)-Lys(Dnp) amide Fluorogenic (FRET) substrate for pro-memapsin-2 containing the β-secretase site of the Swedish mutation of APP. The kinetic parameters of Mca-SEVNLDAEFK(Dnp) amide at pH 4.5 are Km = 4.5 µM and kcat = 0.25 min?¹.
  12. GA23171 Mca-(Asn⁶⁷⁰,Leu⁶⁷¹)-Amyloid β/A4 Protein Precursor₇₇₀ (667-675)-Lys(Dnp) Fluorogenic (FRET) substrate for pro-memapsin-2 containing the β-secretase site of the Swedish mutation of APP, SEVNLDAEF.
  13. GA21462 FITC-εAhx-Amyloid β-Protein (1-42)
  14. GA21461 FITC-β-Ala-Amyloid β-Protein (1-42)
  15. GA21460 FITC-β-Ala-Amyloid β-Protein (1-40)
  16. GA21424 ent-Amyloid β-Protein (1-42) All-D Aβ (1-42) exhibits similar properites as the all-L Aβ. The peptide forms ion channels in lipid bilayers.
  17. GA21423 ent-[Amyloid β-Protein (20-16)]-β-Ala-D-Lys(ent-[Amyloid β-Protein (16-20)]) This all-D peptide contains two retro-inverso peptide klvff motifs of KLVFF (H-3682) corresponding to amino acids 16 to 20 of amyloid β-protein. The tandem dimer retro-inverso peptide showed about a 100-fold higher binding affinity (Kd = 1.3 . 10?² µM) for amyloid β-protein (1-40) fibrils than KLVFF (Kd = 1.1 ± 0.3 µM). It was also found to be more effective in preventing ordered fibril formation than the parent peptide KLVFF as judged by its increased ability to inhibit thioflavin T binding to β-sheet structures.
  18. GA21353 Cys-Gly-Lys-Lys-Gly-Amyloid β-Protein (35-40)
  19. GA21352 Cys-Gly-Lys-Arg-Amyloid β-Protein (1-42)
  20. GA21351 Cys-Gly-His-Gly-Asn-Lys-Ser-Amyloid β-Protein (33-40) CGHGNKSGLMVGGVV.
  21. GA20855 Biotinyl-εAhx-Amyloid β-Protein (1-42) The flexible LC spacer increases the accessibility of the biotin moiety.
  22. GA20854 Biotinyl-εAhx-Amyloid β-Protein (1-40) The flexible LC spacer increases the accessibility of the biotin moiety.
  23. GA20824 Biotinyl-Amyloid β-Protein (1-42) N-terminally biotin-labeled Aβ42.
  24. GA20823 Biotinyl-Amyloid β-Protein (1-40)

    生物素淀粉样蛋白肽(1-40)

     Biotinyl-Amyloid β-Protein (1-40) 是一种 N 端标记的生物素化淀粉样蛋白 ß-(1-40) 肽。
  25. GA20780 Arg-Glu(EDANS)-(Asn⁶⁷⁰,Leu⁶⁷¹)-Amyloid β/A4 Protein Precursor₇₇₀ (668-675)-Lys(DABCYL)-Arg Fluorogenic (FRET) substrate for pro-memapsin-2 containing the β-secretase site EVNLDAEF of the Swedish mutation of APP. The kinetic parameters at pH 4.5 are Km = 5.4 µM and kcat = 0.24 min?¹.
  26. GA20756 Amyloid β-Protein (6-20)
  27. GA20755 Amyloid β-Protein (5-42) Abeta 5-42 is produced from amyloid precursor protein by action of caspases. It is deposited in Alzheimer's disease brain as well, but less prone to aggregation.
  28. GA20754 Amyloid β-Protein (4-42)

    Β-淀粉样蛋白(4-42)

     Aβ 4-42 could be one of the earliest and most prominent Aβ species deposited in AD brain. Sequencing of amyloid plaque cores showed that 64% of the isolated Aβ had a phenylalanine at its N-terminus, and indeed, IP/MS experiments identified Aβ 4-42 as a major Aβ species in AD patients. Additionally, Aβ 4-42 was found to be a component of cotton wool plaques in familial AD patients with the V261I PS1 mutation. Aβ 4-42 was discovered as well in amyloid deposits from vascular dementia and familial Danish dementia patients. These observations indicate that Aβ 4-42 may contribute to the development of multiple CNS diseases.
  29. GA20753 Amyloid β-Protein (40-1) Inactive control
  30. GA20752 Amyloid β-Protein (40-1) Reverse sequence of Aβ 1-40.
  31. GA20751 Amyloid β-Protein (37-39)

    甘氨酰-甘氨酰-L-缬氨酸
  32. GA20750 Amyloid β-Protein (36-38)
  33. GA20749 Amyloid β-Protein (35-25) Aβ 25-35 的反向序列，非活性对照。
  34. GA20748 Amyloid β-Protein (3-42) The N-terminally truncated Aβ42 may be formed in increased amounts as AD progresses. Aβ 3-42 is the precursor of the Pyr-peptide. (Pyr³)-Aβ 3-42 positive plaques are resistant to age-dependent degradation likely due to their high stability and propensity to aggregate.
  35. GA20747 Amyloid β-Protein (3-40)
  36. GA20746 Amyloid β-Protein (33-42) GLMVGGVVIA, a partial sequence of β-amyloid protein which is used for raising antibodies against Aβ 1-42. Li et al. studied the aggregation behavior of this and other Aβ 1-42 C-terminal fragments.
  37. GA20745 Amyloid β-Protein (25-35) amide 淀粉样蛋白 β-蛋白 (25-35) 的酰胺化导致一种产物，其中淀粉样蛋白 β-蛋白 (25-35) 的淀粉样蛋白生成能力已大大降低，而神经毒性活性被发现与聚集状态无关肽。
  38. GA20744 Amyloid β-Protein (2-42) Aβ 2-42 could be a biomarker for differentiating AD from other degenerative dementias, such as frontotemporal dementias (FTD). The peptide promotes phagocytosis by macrophages.
  39. GA20743 Amyloid β-Protein (20-29) FAEDVGSNKG.
  40. GA20742 Amyloid β-Protein (17-40) Cleavage of APP by alpha- and gamma-secretase (i.e. the non-amyloidogenic pathway) yields p3 peptide, a mix of Aβ 17-40 and Aβ 17-42. p3 is a major constituent of diffuse plaques observed in AD brains and pre-amyloid plaques in people affected by Down syndrome.
  41. GA20741 Amyloid β-Protein (16-22) Self-assembling Aβ sequence.
  42. GA20740 Amyloid β-Protein (16-20) KLVFF 对应于结合全长淀粉样蛋白的最小序列 β；蛋白质。五肽充当 β-sheet breaker。
  43. GA20739 Amyloid β-Protein (1-6) amide Experiments using sub-peptides of Aβ42 revealed that the epitope identified by the antibody A8, as described by Ying and coworkers, lies within the 1-6 region of Aβ. The antibody displays high affinity for soluble Aβ42 oligomers in the molecular weight range of 16.5-25 kDa, and detected target antigen in brain sections from senescence-accelerated SAMP 8 mice. Amidated or acetylated and amidated forms of the sequence were used for example for quantitative structure retention relationships (QSRR) experiments. The latter could allow prediction of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) retention of peptides, as reported by Kaliszan and coworkers.
  44. GA20738 Amyloid β-Protein (1-6) Experiments using sub-peptides of Aβ42 revealed that the epitope identified by the antibody A8, as described by Ying and coworkers, lies within the 1-6 region of Aβ. The antibody displays high affinity for soluble Aβ42 oligomers in the molecular weight range of 16.5-25 kDa, and detected target antigen in brain sections from senescence-accelerated SAMP 8 mice.
  45. GA20737 Amyloid β-Protein (1-46) Precursor of the secreted amyloid β-protein (1-40) and (1-42). The identification of amyloid-β-protein (1-46) led to the identification of a zeta-cleavage site between the known γ- and ε-cleavage sites within the transmembrane domain of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP).
  46. GA20736 Amyloid β-Protein (1-43)

    淀粉Β-蛋白(1-43)

     淀粉样蛋白 β-Protein (1-43) 比久负盛名的 Aβ1-42 更容易聚集并具有更高的毒性。
  47. GA20733 Amyloid β-Protein (1-42)

    大豆肽

     与内盐相比，Aβ42 的盐酸盐在 pH 7.4 时更容易聚集。
  48. GA20731 Amyloid β-Protein (1-42) (scrambled)
  49. GA20730 Amyloid β-Protein (1-42) (HFIP-treated)

    大豆肽

     H-7442 是通过将淀粉样蛋白 β-蛋白质 (1-42) (H-1368) 溶解在 HFIP 中，等分并去除溶剂而获得的，如文献中所述。
  50. GA20729 Amyloid β-Protein (1-40) amide
  51. GA20728 Amyloid β-Protein (1-40) (scrambled)

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