Phosphatidylglycerols (sodium salt)

Phosphatidylglycerol is a naturally occurring anionic phospholipid and a constituent of plant, animal, and bacterial cell membranes. It is less abundant than phosphatidylethanolamine  in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and phosphatidylcholine  in eukaryotes. It is formed via a reaction between CDP-diglyceride with L-α-glycerol 3-phosphate followed by dephosphorylation and is a metabolic precursor of cardiolipin. Phosphatidylglycerol species containing polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acyl chains inhibit and promote proliferation of murine keratinocytes, respectively. Phosphatidylglycerol is the second largest lipid component of mammalian lung surfactant, comprising 10% of the lipids, and levels are decreased in the lung surfactant of infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Phosphatidylglycerols (egg) is a mixture of phosphatidylglycerols isolated from egg with various fatty acyl groups at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions.

References:
[1]. Ohtsuka, T., Nishijima, M., and Akamatsu, Y. A somatic cell mutant defective in phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase, with impaired phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin biosynthesis J. Biol. Chem. 268(30), 22908-22913 (1993).
[2]. Furse, S. Is phosphatidylglycerol essential for terrestrial life? J. Chem. Biol. 10(1), 1-9 (2016).
[3]. Xie, D., Seremwe, M., Edwards, J.G., et al. Distinct effects of different phosphatidylglycerol species on mouse keratinocyte proliferation PLoS One 9(9), e107119 (2014).