Piperazine citrate

Oxidative stress in Strongylus spp. infected donkeys treated with piperazine citrate versus doramectin

Background: Parasitic infection is one of the main problems in equidae, particularly donkeys. Aim: This study evaluated the oxidative stress in donkeys infected with Strongylus spp by determining the correlation between antioxidants levels; malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and the severity of parasitic infection. It also compared the therapeutic efficacy of piperazine citrate as an oral anthelmintic drug and Doramectin as an injectable one. Methods: The study was conducted on 40 donkeys naturally infected with Strongylus spp. These donkeys were divided into two groups (20 donkeys each) according to treatment; One group was treated with piperazine citrate (PipTG) and the other with doramectin (DoraTG). Thorough clinical examination, hematological, biochemical, and parasitological assays were performed before (Day 0) and after treatment (Days 7, 14, 21, and 28). All data were statistically analyzed by independent-sample t-test or paired t-test. Results: In both groups, mean values of MDA were significantly reduced, while those of TAC were significantly elevated after treatment on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. These significant changes were reported after treatment between PipTG and DoraTG in favor of DoraTG. Serum concentrations of MDA were significantly reduced, while those of TAC were significantly elevated for DoraTG treatment group when their values were compared with those of PipTG either on days 7, 14, 21, or 28. Significant correlations were reported in PipTG and DoraTG. Negative significant correlations were reported between fecal egg count (FEC) and each of whole blood picture indices (RBCS, Hb, and PCV), serum TAC and faecal egg count reduction percentage FECR%. A positive correlation was seen between FEC and MDA. MDA exhibited a negative correlation with both blood picture and TAC; hence, TAC was positively correlated with these blood picture indices in both PipTG and DoraTG. In PipTG, anthelmintic resistance (R) was present on days 7 and 14, while it was suspected (S) at day 21 then it was absent (N) at day 28. In DoraTG, anthelmintic resistance was suspected (S) on day 7, then it became absent (N) on days 14, 21, and 28 post therapy. Conclusion: The immunological status of the infected donkeys had greatly improved after treatment. The therapeutic efficacy of injectable doramectin was more efficient than that of oral piperazine citrate in Strongylus spp. infected donkeys.

Impact of subchronic administration of piperazine citrate on the electrocardiogram of the rat

The effect of piperazine citrate on the electrocardiogram of the rat after treatment with piperazine citrate at 30, 60, and 100 mg/kg body weight for 16 weeks was investigated. The results were compared with a control group. There was prolongation of P-R, Q-Tc, and J-T intervals, whereas the QRS interval remained virtually unchanged. The heart rate, on the other hand, decreased in the groups that received piperazine citrate. The average heart rate in the control group was 334 ± 17.20 beats/min. In the group of rats that received the three doses of piperazine, the average heart rate at the end of a 15-minute observation period was 308 ± 3.74 beats/min, 302 ± 16.55 beats/min, and 312 ± 13.93 beats/min, respectively, and none of the values was statistically significant compared with the control. The P-R interval showed statistically significant increases in the groups treated with the three doses of piperazine over the control group. In both the 30- and 60-mg/kg groups, the average P-R interval was 92.0 ± 0.5, which was statistically significant when compared with the control average of 80.0 ± 0.00 (P = 0.0427). For the 100-mg/kg group, the average P-R interval was 96.0 ± 0.4 ms. The difference between this value and the control average was equally statistically significant (P = 0.0043). Both the Q-Tc and J-T intervals also showed statistically significant increases in the piperazine-treated groups and the P values compared with the control group were very similar. Even at the very high dose of 100 mg/kg given two times daily for 16 weeks, piperazine citrate appeared quite safe to the rat heart because it did not provoke any cardiac dysrhythmic phenomenon on the surface electrocardiogram.

Piperazine citrate induced myoclonus in a child

Nitrogen-Bearing Carbon Nanoparticles by Pyrolytic Decomposition of Piperazine Citrate Macromolecules for Cellular Imaging

In this work, highly photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) are fabricated by pyrolytic decomposition of piperazine citrate at high pressure and high temperature. Piperazine serves as a hydrolytic, surface-passivating, and N-doping agent, facilitating the formation of a photopolymer. The as-synthesized CNPs, without any surface protection/passivation, exhibit excellent photolumi-nescence and a maximum quantum yield of 84%. The average particle size of the N-doped CNPs is 0.89±0.05 nm. In addition, the N-doped CNPs exhibit uniform diameters and nearly spherical shapes. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results reveal that the CNPs are composed of carbon (64.4 wt%), oxygen (18.5 wt%), and nitrogen (17.1 wt%), indicating the presence of nitrogen-doped and carbon-rich moieties in the CNPs. Notably, the CNPs purified by the procedure developed in this work exhibit more stable luminescence properties than those purified with the conventional dialysis membrane. In addition, the potential application of the CNPs as fluorescent bioimaging probes, which offer a broad dosing window and exhibit multicolor emission, is investigated by directly cultur-ing A549 cells with the CNPs. The results reveal that the CNPs exhibit not only exceptional optical stability, but also outstanding biocompatibility and cell labeling capability. After incubating the A549 cells with CNPs, the CNPs are confined in perinuclear vacuole-similar shapes with a granulated form in cytoplasm preserving the nucleus. Notably, no significant morphological deterioration such as nuclear contraction is detected.

[Piperazine citrate for treatment of oxyuriasis]