Pixantrone (maleate)
(Synonyms: 马来酸匹衫琼; BBR 2778) 目录号 : GC44651
A DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor
Cas No.:144675-97-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
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Cell experiment: |
Briefly, cells seeded into 96-well plates are treated with increasing concentrations of either pixantrone or doxorubicin for 72 hours. After this time, MTS reagent is added to cells and incubated at 37°C for a further 4 hours. Cell proliferation is then determined by measuring the absorbance at 490 nm. All data points are normalized to untreated cells. All treatments are performed in triplicate and performed a minimum of 3 times[1]. |
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Animal experiment: |
Mice[3]To evaluate the potential cardiotoxicity of Pixantrone in doxorubicin-pretreated mice, doxorubicin 7.5 mg/kg is administered intravenously every 7 days for 3 weeks (1 cycle) to a group of CD1 females. Six weeks later, these mice receive either 0.9% saline (vehicle), doxorubicin 7.5 mg/kg, Pixantrone 27 mg/kg, or mitoxantrone 3 mg/kg intravenously every 7 days for 3 weeks (2 cycles). Animals are sacrificed after the first cycle at 8 weeks, and after the second cycle at 16 weeks. In addition, to evaluate the potential cardiotoxicity of Pixantrone as a single agent compared with doxorubicin and mitoxantrone, CD1 female mice receive a single or a double cycle of vehicle, doxorubicin 7.5 mg/kg, Pixantrone 27 mg/kg, or mitoxantrone 3 mg/kg. These animals are sacrificed after the first and second cycles (at 8 and 16 weeks, all groups), during week 14 (Pixantrone-treated group only) and during week 22 (Pixantrone- and vehicle-treated groups)[3].Rats[4]For the studies on Pixantrone efficacy on EAMG, TAChR-immunized rats are randomly assigned to different treatment groups: 1) preventive Pixantrone group, starting 4 days after immunization, with 16.25 mg/kg Pixantrone, administered i.v. via tail vein, once a week for three times; 2) therapeutic Pixantrone group, starting 4 wk after immunization, with 16.25 mg/kg Pixantrone, administered i.v. via tail vein, once a week for three times; 3) therapeutic MTX group (1.2 mg/kg, i.v. via tail vein, once a week for three times); and 4) vehicle group (sterile saline, i.v. via tail vein, once a week for three times). The doses of Pixantrone and MTX used in this study are in both cases equal to one-fourth of the LD10 for single i.v. injection in rats. Treatment assignation is performed at day 4 after TAChR immunization (preventive schedule) in coincidence of the acute phase of EAMG, or at onset of clinical signs (therapeutic schedule), which occurs after 4 wk. Animals are sacrificed after deep anesthesia obtained by carbon dioxide; low-grade anesthesia with chloral hydrate administered i.p. is used for TAChR immunization and drug treatments[4]. |
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References: [1]. Beeharry N, et al. Pixantrone induces cell death through mitotic perturbations and subsequent aberrant cell divisions. Cancer Biol Ther. 2015;16(9):1397-406. |
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Pixantrone dimaleate is a topoisomerase II inhibitor and DNA intercalator, with anti-tumor activity.
Pixantrone dimaleate is a topoisomerase II inhibitor. Pixantrone induces cell death in multiple cancer cell lines independent of cell cycle perturbation, with IC50s of 37.3 nM, 126 nM and 136 nM for T47D, MCF-10A and OVCAR5 cells, respectively. Pixantrone induces DNA damage at high concentrations (500 nM) but not at concentrations (100 nM) sufficient to kill PANC1 cells. Pixantrone (25 or 100 nM) induces severe chromosomal aberrations and mitotic catastrophe in PANC1 cells. Pixantrone (100 nM) may disrupt chromosome segregation because of generating merotelic kinetochore attachments that cause chromosome non-disjunction[1]. Pixantrone potently inhibits growth of human Leukemia K562 cells, etoposide-resistant K/VP.5 cells, MDCK and ABCB1-transfected MDCK/MDR cells, with IC50s of 0.10 μM, 0.56 μM, 0.058 μM and 4.5 μM, respectively. Pixantrone (0.01-0.2 μM) leads to a concentration-dependent formation of linear DNA through acting on topoisomerase IIα. Pixantrone produces semiquinone free radicals in an enzymatic reducing system, although not in a cellular system, most likely due to low cellular uptake[2]. Pixantrone (0.01-10 μM) shows potent inhibitory activities against rat 97-116 peptide-specific T cell proliferation[4].
Pixantrone (27 mg/kg) does not worsen pre-existing moderate degenerative cardiomyopathy in doxorubicin-pretreated mice, by i.v. one dose every 7 days repeated thrice (q7d × 3). Pixantrone (27 mg/kg) causes minimal cardiotoxic in mice following repeated treatment cycles. Moreover, Pixantrone results in less mortality than mitoxantrone in doxorubicin-pretreated mice[3]. Pixantrone (16.25 mg/kg i.v, q7d × 3) modulates Lymph node cells (LNC) responses, and affacts T cell subpopulations in TAChR-immunized Lewis rats. Pixantrone also shows preventive and therapeutic effect in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) rats[4].
References:
[1]. Beeharry N, et al. Pixantrone induces cell death through mitotic perturbations and subsequent aberrant cell divisions. Cancer Biol Ther. 2015;16(9):1397-406.
[2]. Hasinoff BB, et al. Mechanisms of Action and Reduced Cardiotoxicity of Pixantrone; a Topoisomerase II Targeting Agent with Cellular Selectivity for the Topoisomerase IIα Isoform. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2016 Feb;356(2):397-409.
[3]. Cavalletti E, et al. Pixantrone (BBR 2778) has reduced cardiotoxic potential in mice pretreated with doxorubicin: comparative studies against doxorubicin and mitoxantrone. Invest New Drugs. 2007 Jun;25(3):187-95.
[4]. Ubiali F, et al. Pixantrone (BBR2778) reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in Lewis rats. J Immunol. 2008 Feb 15;180(4):2696-703.
| Cas No. | 144675-97-8 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 马来酸匹衫琼; BBR 2778 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | NCCNC1=C2C(C(C(C=CN=C3)=C3C2=O)=O)=C(NCCN)C=C1.OC(/C=C\C(O)=O)=O.OC(/C=C\C(O)=O)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C17H19N5O2•2C4H4O4 | 分子量 | 557.5 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: 1 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 1.7937 mL | 8.9686 mL | 17.9372 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3587 mL | 1.7937 mL | 3.5874 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.1794 mL | 0.8969 mL | 1.7937 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Pixantrone maleate for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Drugs Today (Barc) 2009 Nov;45(11):797-805.PMID:20126672DOI:10.1358/dot.2009.45.11.1438459.
Pixantrone (BBR-2778) is a novel aza-anthracenedione anthracycline derivative developed by Cell Therapeutics Incorporated, WA, USA. Pixantrone is similar in structure to the anthracenedione mitoxantrone but lacks the 5, 8-dihydroxy substitution groups implicated in mitoxantrone-induced cardiotoxicity. The PIX301 phase III single-agent trial of Pixantrone for patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma randomized patients to receive either Pixantrone or another single agent of the investigators' choice. The rate of confirmed and unconfirmed remissions in patients treated with Pixantrone was significantly higher than in those receiving other agents, as was the overall response rate and progression-free survival. There is evidence that Pixantrone is well tolerated when substituted for anthracyclines in combination regimens for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with comparable rates of complete remission. Pixantrone has also been used for the treatment of indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and the combination of Pixantrone and rituximab has been shown to be superior to rituximab alone in relapsed or refractory disease in the phase III PIX302 study. On the basis of these data, the United States Food and Drug Administration is considering Pixantrone for use in adult patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive and indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma on a fast-track basis.
Topoisomerase II as a Novel Antiviral Target against Panarenaviral Diseases
Viruses 2022 Dec 30;15(1):105.PMID:36680145DOI:10.3390/v15010105.
Although many arenaviruses cause severe diseases with high fatality rates each year, treatment options are limited to off-label use of ribavirin, and a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved vaccine is not available. To identify novel therapeutic candidates against arenaviral diseases, an RNA polymerase I-driven minigenome (MG) expression system for Lassa virus (LASV) was developed and optimized for high-throughput screening (HTS). Using this system, we screened 2595 FDA-approved compounds for inhibitors of LASV genome replication and identified multiple compounds including Pixantrone maleate, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, as hits. Other tested topoisomerase II inhibitors also suppressed LASV MG activity. These topoisomerase II inhibitors also inhibited Junin virus (JUNV) MG activity and effectively limited infection by the JUNV Candid #1 strain, and siRNA knockdown of both topoisomerases (IIα and IIβ) restricted JUNV replication. These results suggest that topoisomerases II regulate arenavirus replication and can serve as molecular targets for panarenaviral replication inhibitors.
Gateways to clinical trials
Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2008 Jan-Feb;30(1):67-99.PMID:18389098doi
Gateways to Clinical Trials are a guide to the most recent clinical trials in current literature and congresses. The data in the following tables has been retrieved from the Clinical Trials Knowledge Area of Prouse Science Integrity, the drug discovery and development portal, http://integrity.prous.com. This issue focuses on the following selection of drugs: 101M, 3F8; Abatacept, ABT-263, Adalimumab, AG-7352, Agatolimod sodium, Alfimeprase, Aliskiren fumarate, Alvimopan hydrate, Aminolevulinic acid hexyl ester, Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, Anakinra, Aripiprazole, AS-1404, AT-9283, Atomoxetine hydrochloride, AVE-1642, AVE-9633, Axitinib, AZD-0530; Becocalcidiol, Belotecan hydrochloride, Bevacizumab, BG-9928, BIBF-1120, BMS-275183, Bortezomib, Bosentan; Catumaxomab, Cetuximab, CHR-2797, Ciclesonide, Clevidipine, Cypher, Cytarabine/daunorubicin; Darifenacin hydrobromide, Darunavir, Denosumab, Desvenlafaxine succinate, Disufenton sodium, Duloxetine hydrochloride, Dutasteride; Eculizumab, Efalizumab, Eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid, Eplerenone, Epratuzumab, Erlotinib hydrochloride, Escitalopram oxalate, Ethynylcytidine, Etravirine, Everolimus, Ezetimibe; Fulvestrant; Garenoxacin mesilate, Gefitinib, Gestodene; HI-164, Hydralazine hydrochloride/isosorbide dinitrate; Icatibant acetate, ICX-RHY, Idraparinux sodium, Indacaterol, Ispronicline, Ivabradine hydrochloride, Ixabepilone; KB-2115, KW-2449; L-791515, Lapatinib ditosylate, LGD-4665, Licofelone, Liposomal doxorubicin, Lisdexamfetamine mesilate, Lumiracoxib; Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin-beta, Miglustat, Mipomersen sodium, Mitumprotimut-T, MK-0822A, MK-0974; Nelarabine; Obatoclax mesylate, Olmesartan medoxomil, Olmesartan medoxomil/hydrochlorothiazide; Paliperidone, Palonosetron hydrochloride, Panitumumab, Pegfilgrastim, Peginterferon alfa-2a, Pemetrexed disodium, Perospirone hydrochloride, Pertuzumab, Pimecrolimus, Pitrakinra, Pixantrone maleate, Posaconazole, Pregabalin; Quercetin; RALGA, Raltegravir potassium, Ranelic acid distrontium salt, rhHistone 1.3, Rimonabant, Rivaroxaban, Rosuvastatin calcium, RTS,S/SBAS2; Satraplatin, SNDX-275, Sodium butyrate, Solifenacin succinate, Sorafenib, SU-14813, Sunitinib malate; Tadalafil, Tafenoquine succinate, Tamatinib fosdium, Taxus, Telbivudine, Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide, Temsirolimus, Tiotropium bromide, Tipranavir, Tocilizumab, Trabectedin, Tramadol hydrochloride/acetaminophen; Ulipristal acetate, Uracil, Ursodeoxycholyltaurine; Valdecoxib, Vardenafil hydrochloride hydrate, Varenicline tartrate, Vildagliptin, Vinflunine, Vitespen, Vorinostat; ZK-EPO, Zoledronic acid monohydrate.
Gateways to clinical trials
Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2009 Dec;31(10):661-700.PMID:20140276doi
[Methoxy-(11)C]PD-153035, 2-Methoxyestradiol; Adalimumab, Adecatumumab, Adefovir dipivoxil, ADH-1, ADX-10059, Aflibercept, AIR-human growth hormone, Aliskiren fumarate, AMG-221, Amlodipine besylate/olmesartan medoxomil, Aprepitant; Bavituximab, Bevacizumab, Bexarotene, BIBW-2992, BMS-690514, Bortezomib, Bosentan, Briakinumab; Capecitabine, Certolizumab pegol, Cetuximab, Cholecalciferol, Choline fenofibrate, Chorionic gonadotropin (human), Cixutumumab, Clopidogrel, CP-690550 citrate; Dabigatran, Dacetuzumab, Daclizumab, Dapagliflozin, Darbepoetin alfa, Dasatinib, Denosumab; Efavirenz, Elisidepsin, Enoxaparin, Enzastaurin hydrochloride, Eribulin mesilate, Erlotinib hydrochloride, Everolimus, Exenatide; Fenobam, Figitumumab, Filibuvir, Fondaparinux sodium, Fresolimumab; Gefitinib, Golimumab, Golnerminogene pradenovec; Ifosfamide, Imatinib mesylate, Ipilimumab, Ivabradine hydrochloride, Ixabepilone; Lapatinib ditosylate, Lenalidomide, Levocetirizine dihydrochloride, Liposomal vincristine, Liraglutide; M-118, Masitinib mesylate, Metformin hydrochloride, Micafungin sodium, Moxifloxacin hydrochloride; Neratinib; Oblimersen sodium, Ofatumumab, Olmesartan medoxomil; Paclitaxel nanoparticles, Palifosfamide lysine, Panobacumab, Panobinostat, Patupilone, Peginterferon alfa-2a, Pegylated arginine deiminase 20000, Piclozotan hydrochloride hydrate, Pixantrone maleate, Prasterone, Prasugrel, Prednisone, Progesterone, Prucalopride, pVGI.1 (VEGF-2); Retigabine, rhFSH, Rituximab, Rivaroxaban, Rosuvastatin calcium; Salinosporamide A, Selumetinib, Sipuleucel-T, Somatropin, Sorafenib, SSR-244738, Sunitinib malate; Tamoxifen citrate, Teduglutide, Telavancin hydrochloride, Telmisartan, Telmisartan/amlodipine, Telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide, Temsirolimus, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, Tipifarnib, Tolvaptan, Trastuzumab, Trastuzumab-MCC-DM1, Travoprost, Tremelimumab; Valsartan/amlodipine besylate, Valsartan/amlodipine besylate/hydrochlorothiazide, Valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide, Vandetanib, Vorinostat.
Gateways to clinical trials
Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2004 Mar;26(2):129-61.PMID:15071612doi
Gateways to Clinical Trials is a guide to the most recent clinical trials in current literature and congresses. The data in the following tables has been retrieved from the Clinical Studies Knowledge Area of Prous Science Integrity(R), the drug discovery and development portal, http://integrity.prous.com. This issue focuses on the following selection of drugs: Activated protein C concentrate, Ad-CD154, Adeno-Interferon gamma, alemtuzumab, APC-8024, 9-aminocamptothecin, aprepitant, l-arginine hydrochloride, aripiprazole, arsenic trioxide, asimadoline; O6-Benzylguanine, bevacizumab, Bi-20, binodenoson, biphasic insulin aspart, bivatuzumab, 186Re-bivatuzumab, BMS-181176, bosentan, botulinum toxin type B, BQ-123, bryostatin 1; Carboxy- amidotriazole, caspofungin acetate, CB-1954, CC-4047, CDP-860, cerivastatin sodium, clevidipine, CTL-102; 3,4-DAP, darbepoetin alfa, decitabine, desloratadine, DHA-paclitaxel, duloxetine hydrochloride; Efalizumab, EGF vaccine, eletriptan, eniluracil, ENMD-0997, eplerenone, eplivanserin, erlosamide, ertapenem sodium, escitalopram oxalate, esomeprazole magnesium, eszopiclone, everolimus, exatecan mesilate, exenatide, ezetimibe; Fondaparinux sodium, FR-901228, FTY-720; Gefitinib, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, gepirone hydrochloride; Hexyl insulin M2, human insulin; Imatinib mesylate, insulin detemir, insulin glargine, iodine (I131) tositumomab, ISV-205, ivabradine hydrochloride, ixabepilone; Levetiracetam, levocetirizine, linezolid, liposomal NDDP, lonafarnib, lopinavir, LY-156735; Mafosfamide cyclohexylamine salt, magnesium sulfate, maxacalcitol, meclinertant, melagatran, melatonin, MENT, mepolizumab, micafungin sodium, midostaurin, motexafin gadolinium; Nesiritide, NS-1209, NSC-601316, NSC-683864; Osanetant; Palonosetron hydrochloride, parecoxib sodium, pegaptanib sodium, peginterferon alfa-2a, peginterferon alfa-2b, pegylated OB protein, pemetrexed disodium, perillyl alcohol, picoplatin, pimecrolimus, Pixantrone maleate, plevitrexed, polyglutamate paclitaxel, posurdex, pramlintide acetate, prasterone, pregabalin; Rasburicase, rimonabant hydrochloride, rostaporfin, rosuvastatin calcium; SDZ-SID-791, sibrotuzumab, sorafenib, SU-11248; Tadalafil, targinine, tegaserod maleate, telithromycin, TheraCIM, tigecycline, tiotropium bromide, tipifarnib, tirapazamine, treprostinil sodium; Valdecoxib, Valganciclovir hydrochloride, Vardenafil hydrochloride hydrate; Ximelagatran; Zofenopril calcium, Zoledronic acid monohydrate.