Polystyrene
目录号 : GC66200
Polystyrene 形成聚苯乙烯微塑料 (PS-MPs) ，这是一种具有潜在毒性的危险物质。聚苯乙烯微塑料危害斑马鱼心脏，并会诱导小鼠的雄性生殖毒性。
Cas No.:28210-41-5
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
Polystyrene forms Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs), a hazardous material with potential toxicity. Polystyrene microplastics is harm to zebrafish heart and induces male reproductive toxicity in mice[1][2].
Polystyrene results 0.5 μm, 4 μm, and 10 μm PS-MPs entering into three kinds of testicular cells (GC-1 cell line) in vitro[2].
Polystyrene (PS-MPs, particle sizes 3-12 µ p.o.; 21 d) shows adverse effect on zebrafish activity and oxidative stress, metabolic changes and contraction parameters in the heart tissue[1].
Polystyrene (PS-MPs, particle sizes of 4 μm and 10 μm; p.o.; 24 h) resultsPS-MPs accumulated in the testis of mice, and (PS-MPs, particle sizes of 4 μm and 10 μm; p.o.; 28 d) induces spermatogenic cells abscissed and arranged disorderly, and multinucleated gonocytes occurred in the seminiferous tubule[2].
Polystyrene, (PS-MPs, particle sizes of 0.5 μm, 4 μm and 10 μm; p.o.; 28 d) induces testicular inflammation and the disruption of blood-testis barrier[2].
| Cas No. | 28210-41-5 | SDF | Download SDF |
| 分子式 | (C8H8O3S)x | 分子量 | |
| 溶解度 | H2O : 250 mg/mL (Need ultrasonic) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Polystyrene microplastic particles: In vitro pulmonary toxicity assessment
J Hazard Mater 2020 Mar 5;385:121575.PMID:31727530DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121575.
Microplastics (MPs) have become a global environmental concern. Recent studies have shown that MPs, of which the predominant type is often Polystyrene (PS; known as PS-MPs), can extend to and affect remote, sparsely inhabited areas via atmospheric transport. Although exposure to inhaled MPs may induce lung dysfunction, further experimental verification of the pulmonary toxic potential of MPs and the mechanism underlying the toxicity is needed. Here we used normal human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells to clarify the association between pulmonary toxicity and PS-MPs. Results revealed that PS-MPs can cause cytotoxic and inflammatory effects in BEAS-2B cells by inducing reactive oxygen species formation. PS-MPs can decrease transepithelial electrical resistance by depleting zonula occludens proteins. Indeed, decreased α1-antitrypsin levels in BEAS-2B cells suggest that exposure to PS-MPs increases the risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and high concentrations of PS-MPs can induce these adverse responses. While low PS-MP levels can only disrupt the protective pulmonary barrier, they may also increase the risk for lung disease. Collectively, our findings indicate that PS-MP inhalation may influence human respiratory health.
Polystyrene Pocket Lithography: Sculpting Plastic with Light
Adv Mater 2022 Jul;34(27):e2200687.PMID:35358334DOI:10.1002/adma.202200687.
Tissue-culture-ware Polystyrene is the gold standard for in vitro cell culture. While microengineering techniques can create advanced cell microenvironments in Polystyrene, they require specialized equipment and reagents, which hinder their accessibility for most biological researchers. An economical and easily accessible method is developed and validated for fabricating microstructures directly in Polystyrene with sizes approaching subcellular dimensions while requiring minimal processing time. The process involves deep ultraviolet irradiation through a shadow mask or ink pattern using inexpensive, handheld devices followed by selective chemical development with common reagents to generate micropatterns with depths/heights between 5 and 10 µm, which can be used to guide cell behavior. The remarkable straightforwardness of the process enables this class of microengineering techniques to be broadly accessible to diverse research communities.
An overview on biodegradation of Polystyrene and modified Polystyrene: the microbial approach
Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018 Mar;38(2):308-320.PMID:28764575DOI:10.1080/07388551.2017.1355293.
Polystyrene is a widely used plastic in many aspects of human life and in industries due to its useful characteristics of low cost, light weight, ease of manufacture, versatility, thermal efficiency, durability, and moisture resistance. However, Polystyrene is very stable and extremely hard to degrade in the environment after disposal. Polystyrene can be used as a carbon source for microorganisms similar to many other hydrocarbons. The ability of microorganisms to use Polystyrene as a carbon source has been recently established. However, the high molecular weight of Polystyrene limits its use as a substrate for enzymatic reactions to take place. In this paper, we review studies on biodegradation of Polystyrene to give an overview and direction for future studies.
Global distribution of two polystyrene-derived contaminants in the marine environment: A review
Mar Pollut Bull 2020 Dec;161(Pt A):111729.PMID:33039793DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111729.
Plastic pollution is one of the major issues impacting on the marine environment. Plastic polymers are known to leach industrial chemicals and associated contaminants. In this review, we focused on assessing the global distribution and concentration of two polystyrene-derived contaminants, hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) and styrene oligomers (SOs), in marine sediments and seawater. Overall, most of the studies were carried out in Asia, North America, and Europe. Relatively high concentrations of these contaminants are generally attributed to the proximity of urban cities, plastic industries, Polystyrene pollution, and aquaculture. Moreover, the concentrations in sediments are many times higher than in seawater. HBCDs were found to be a negligible risk to marine biota when compared to the ecotoxicological endpoints. However, realistic concentrations of SOs could compromise the wellbeing of certain species in highly polluted sites. The future perspectives and research were discussed.
Chemical Upcycling of Commercial Polystyrene via Catalyst-Controlled Photooxidation
J Am Chem Soc 2022 Apr 6;144(13):5745-5749.PMID:35319868DOI:10.1021/jacs.2c01411.
Chemical upcycling of Polystyrene into targeted small molecules is desirable to reduce plastic pollution. Herein, we report the upcycling of Polystyrene to benzoyl products, primarily benzoic acid, using a catalyst-controlled photooxidative degradation method. FeCl3 undergoes a homolytic cleavage upon irradiation with white light to generate a chlorine radical, abstracting an electron-rich hydrogen atom on the polymer backbone. Under the oxygen-rich environment, high MW Polystyrene (>90 kg/mol) degrades down to <1 kg/mol and produces up to 23 mol % benzoyl products. A series of mechanistic studies showed that chlorine radicals promoted the degradation via hydrogen-atom abstraction. Commercial Polystyrene degrades efficiently in our method, showing the compatibility of our system with polymer fillers. Finally, we demonstrated the potential of scaling up our approach in a photoflow process to convert gram quantities of PS to benzoic acid.