Prohexadione
(Synonyms: 调环酸) 目录号 : GC49116A plant growth regulator
Cas No.:88805-35-0
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Prohexadione is a plant growth regulator.1 It inhibits the gibberellin plant hormone biosynthesis enzyme 3β-hydroxylase when used at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 mM. It reduces the shoot length of peanut plants when applied at 0.5, 1.5, and 4.5 kg/hectare. Prohexadione also inhibits jumonji domain-containing 2A (JMJD2A) demethylase when used at a concentration of 1 mM and induces the differentiation of mouse neurospheres into neurons at 1, 1.5, and 2 mM.2 Formulations containing prohexadione have been used as plant growth regulators in agriculture.
1.Brown, R.G.S., Kawaide, H., Yang, Y.-Y., et al.Daminozide and prohexadione have similar modes of action as inhibitors of the late stages of gibberellin metabolismPhysiol. Plant.101(2)309-313(1997) 2.Vavilala, D.T., Reddy, S., Sachchidanand, et al.Prohexadione, a plant growth regulator, inhibits histone lysine demethylases and modulates epigeneticsToxicol. Rep.11152-1161(2014)
| Cas No. | 88805-35-0 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 调环酸 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C(C1CC(C(C(C1)=O)C(CC)=O)=O)O | ||
| 分子式 | C10H12O5 | 分子量 | 212.2 |
| 溶解度 | Chloroform: soluble | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 4.7125 mL | 23.5627 mL | 47.1254 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.9425 mL | 4.7125 mL | 9.4251 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.4713 mL | 2.3563 mL | 4.7125 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Prohexadione calcium is herbicidal to the sunflower root parasite Orobanche cumana
Pest Manag Sci 2021 Apr;77(4):1893-1902.PMID:33284472DOI:10.1002/ps.6216.
Background: The obligatory sunflower root parasite Orobanche cumana Wallr. deprives its host of essential nutrients, resulting in a dramatic reduction in yield and biomass. A post-emergence application with an imidazolinone herbicide on an imidazolinone-tolerant sunflower is highly effective against O. cumana. The herbicide inhibits the enzyme acetohydroxy acid synthase and consequently, growth of the parasite is inhibited, although the sunflower survives the treatment through mutations in the target enzyme. Interestingly, field studies have shown that a combined application of an imidazolinone herbicide with Prohexadione resulted in reduced emergence of O. cumana compared with the sole application of the herbicide. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Prohexadione is herbicidal to O. cumana. Results: Prohexadione was rapidly distributed within the sunflower, reaching the roots, the site of O. cumana attack, as early as 6 h after application (HAA) on sunflower leaves. A direct impact of Prohexadione on O. cumana germination was investigated and a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 84 μm Prohexadione was found. In addition, the inhibition of germination by Prohexadione was terminal, meaning that O. cumana seeds died after Prohexadione contact as soon as they were primed for germination. Additionally, excretion studies showed that a small proportion of the applied Prohexadione was excreted by sunflower roots. Conclusion: We show that Prohexadione is an inhibitor of O. cumana germination and that the growth regulator is found in sunflower roots shortly after application. We hypothesize that Prohexadione is excreted in sufficient amounts from the sunflower roots, therefore having a direct impact on O. cumana germination. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Prohexadione, a plant growth regulator, inhibits histone lysine demethylases and modulates epigenetics
Toxicol Rep 2014 Nov 4;1:1152-1161.PMID:28962325DOI:10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.10.026.
Background: Epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation and posttranslational histone modifications regulate heritable changes in transcription without changes in the DNA sequence. Despite a number of studies showing clear links between environmental factors and DNA methylation, little is known about the effect of environmental factors on the recently identified histone lysine methylation. Since their identification numerous studies have establish critical role played by these enzymes in mammalian development. Objectives: Identification of the Jumonji (Jmj) domain containing histone lysine demethylase have added a new dimension to epigenetic control of gene expression by dynamic regulation of histone methylation marks. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of Prohexadione and trinexapac, widely used plant growth regulators of the acylcyclohexanediones class, on the enzymatic activity of histone lysine demethylases and histone modifications during the neural stem/progenitor cell differentiation. Methods: Here we show that Prohexadione, but not trinexapac, directly inhibits non-heme iron (II), 2-oxoglutarate-dependent histone lysine demethylase such as Jmjd2a. We used molecular modeling to show binding of Prohexadione to Jmjd2a. We also performed in vitro demethylation assays to show the inhibitory effect of Prohexadione on Jmjd2a. Further we tested this molecule in cell culture model of mouse hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells to demonstrate its effect toward neuronal proliferation and differentiation. Results: Molecular modeling studies suggest that Prohexadione binds to the 2-oxoglutarate binding site of Jmjd2a demethylase. Treatment of primary neural stem/progenitor cells with Prohexadione showed a concentration dependent reduction in their proliferation. Further, the Prohexadione treated neurospheres were induced toward neurogenic lineage upon differentiation. Conclusions: Our results describe an important chemico-biological interaction of Prohexadione, in light of critical roles played by histone lysine demethylases in human health and diseases.
Prohexadione calcium enhances rice growth and tillering under NaCl stress
PeerJ 2023 Feb 6;11:e14804.PMID:36778152DOI:10.7717/peerj.14804.
Salt stress affects crop quality and reduces crop yields, and growth regulators enhance salt tolerance of crop plants. In this report, we examined the effects of prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) on improving rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and tillering under salt stress. We found that NaCl stress inhibited the growth of two rice varieties and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, electrolyte leakage, and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. Foliar application of Pro-Ca reduced seedling height and increased stem base width and lodging resistance of rice. Further analyses showed that Pro-Ca application reduced MDA content, electrolyte leakage, and membrane damage in rice leaves under NaCl stress. Pro-Ca enhanced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of rice seedlings, while increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX) at the tillering stage under salt stress. Overall, Pro-Ca improves salt tolerance of rice seedlings at the tillering stage by enhancing lodging resistance, reducing membrane damages, and enhancing photosynthesis and antioxidant capacities of rice seedlings.
An analytical method for Prohexadione in Chinese cabbage and apple
Biomed Chromatogr 2011 Apr;25(4):493-7.PMID:20586105DOI:10.1002/bmc.1472.
A residual determination method as a regulatory residue method was developed using HPLC-UVD for Prohexadione residues in Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) and apple (Malus domestica). The developed method consisted of solid-liquid extraction with acidic acetonitrile and ion-suppression liquid-liquid partitioning, followed by anion exchange cartridge cleanup. The limits of detection and quantitation for the method were 0.005 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively. The method gave good linearity in the range of 0.02-2.5 mg/kg. Accuracy and precision ranged from 84.1 to 94.1% and from 2.4 to 6.9%, respectively. Additionally, the confirmative conditions of LC-MS/MS for Prohexadione were set in negative electrospray ionization mode with transitions of m/z 211.4 → 167.5 and m/z 211.4 → 123.5 in the selected reaction monitoring mode. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by analyzing real samples collected from local markets in Seoul, Republic of Korea. This developed method fully deserves consideration in accordance with its sensitivity, accuracy and precision required for residue analysis of Prohexadione in Chinese cabbages and apples.
Modification of the existing maximum residue level for Prohexadione (considered variant prohexadione-calcium) in plums
EFSA J 2017 Jun 15;15(6):e04837.PMID:32625510DOI:10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4837.
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant BASF SE submitted a request to the competent national authority in France to modify the existing maximum residue level (MRL) for the active substance Prohexadione in plums. The data submitted in support of this MRL application were found to be sufficient to derive a MRL proposal for plums. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of Prohexadione in plums. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of Prohexadione on plums is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.