Prometryn
目录号 : GC68158Prometryn 能改善所有杂草的控制，提高棉花产量。
Cas No.:7287-19-6
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Prometryn could improves the control of all weed species and increased lint yield compared with the systems[1].
[1]. Dunk Porterfield, et al. Weed management with CGA-362622, fluometuron, and prometryn in cotton. Weed Science, 50(5):642-647 (2002).
| Cas No. | 7287-19-6 | SDF | Download SDF |
| 分子式 | C10H19N5S | 分子量 | 241.36 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : 100 mg/mL (414.32 mM; Need ultrasonic) | 储存条件 | 4°C, away from moisture and light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 4.1432 mL | 20.7159 mL | 41.4319 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.8286 mL | 4.1432 mL | 8.2864 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.4143 mL | 2.0716 mL | 4.1432 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Root exudation of Prometryn and its metabolites from Chinese celery ( Apium graveolens)
J Pestic Sci 2022 Feb 20;47(1):1-7.PMID:35414755DOI:10.1584/jpestics.D21-035.
Root exudates from Chinese celery (Apium graveolens) and Chinese cabbage (pak choi, Brassica chinensis) plants treated by Prometryn, an herbicide, were qualitatively and quantitatively investigated and compared under hydroponic cultivation. Prometryn and its metabolites released into the nutrient solution were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatograph coupled with orbitrap mass spectrometer to investigate whether this xylem-mobile herbicide is exuded from the roots. The results showed that celery and pak choi had different root exudation profiles. Celery metabolized Prometryn to Prometryn sulfoxide and released both compounds from the roots. In contrast, pak choi barely metabolized or actively released Prometryn from the roots. The concentration of Prometryn sulfoxide released from celery after 96 hr was 21 µg/L, which was nearly one-third that of released Prometryn. Our results indicate that the root exudation and translocation of xylem-mobile herbicides could be significant in plants and are highly species dependent compared with phloem-mobile herbicides.
Prometryn induces apoptotic cell death through cell cycle arrest and oxidative DNA damage
Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019 Jul 26;8(6):833-841.PMID:32055391DOI:10.1039/c9tx00080a.
Prometryn is a slightly to moderately toxic herbicide belonging to the triazine family of herbicides, which are widely used in agriculture to control the growth of various weeds. Although many studies have shown that triazine herbicides have carcinogenic potential in humans, the cytotoxic effects of Prometryn on human cells, and the mechanisms underlying these effects, are not yet fully understood. The lung is one of the most important organs where there is accumulation of environmental pollutants. The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic effects of Prometryn on normal lung cells using the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. We found that treatment with high concentrations of Prometryn arrested BEAS-2B cell growth in the S phase, while at low concentrations the cell cycle was not affected. Furthermore, we observed changes in the expression levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and cyclin A that were consistent with the induction of cell cycle arrest in BEAS-2B cells exposed to Prometryn. We also observed the increased formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in BEAS-2B cells, suggesting that this cell line is sensitive to Prometryn. Finally, Prometryn induced DNA double-strand breaks in BEAS-2B cells. In conclusion, Prometryn affected key molecules involved in cell cycle regulation, induced oxidative stress, and induced DNA damage in BEAS-2B cells, which may shed light on the mechanism by which Prometryn promotes lung cancer development.
Prometryn and humic acid induce Cytochrome P450 1A expression in Danio rerio (zebrafish)
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017 Jan;135:40-47.PMID:27685669DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.09.011.
Humic acid (HA) is a major component of dissolved organic matter, is ubiquitous in the aquatic environment and influences the biological toxicity of organic pollutants. In this study, we investigated the cytochrome P450 1A (CYP 1A) mRNA expression and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in the gills and liver of zebrafish following exposure to the s-triazine herbicide Prometryn with or without HA present. Prometryn induced both CYP 1A mRNA expression and EROD activity. The CYP 1A mRNA expression of zebrafish that were exposed to a combination of Prometryn and HA was increased compared to those exposed to Prometryn alone. A likely cause for CYP 1A induction is the impact of special components of HA, functioning as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonists. In combination with HA, these increase Prometryn levels in tissues. Similar results for EROD activity were evident. In our time course study, CYP 1A mRNA expression reached maximum values during 24h. This revealed CYP 1A mRNA transcription as a comparatively sensitive toxicity index. In a recovery experiment, we found a faster decrease of CYP 1A mRNA expression to control levels (CK) in gills compared to liver tissue. Following exposure to HA, CYP 1A mRNA expression in liver tissue displayed a faster decrease to CK levels. HA induced enhanced metabolic rates for Prometryn. In contrast, recovery regularity of CYP 1A expression in gills was independent of the presence of HA. This result indicates different detoxification mechanisms for HA in liver and gills.
Acute toxicity, bioaccumulation and elimination of Prometryn in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Chemosphere 2022 Aug;300:134565.PMID:35436459DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134565.
Tilapia juvenile (Oreochromis niloticus) (mean weight 50.00 ± 10.00 g) were aqueous exposed to different concentrations of the herbicide Prometryn to investigate its acute toxicity, bioaccumulation and uptake and elimination rates. First, a 96-h acute toxicity test was carried out. The resulting 96 h LC50 was 5.49 mg/L, and the 96 h LC10 was 5.02 mg/L. Then, fish were exposed to 0.55 mg/L (1/10 96 h LC50) and 0.055 mg/L (1/100 96 h LC50) of Prometryn solution for 28 days, followed by 14 days of elimination in clean groundwater. The result shows that in both water and tissues, Prometryn concentrations fluctuated during the exposure period, indicating that steady state was not reached. The bioaccumulation of Prometryn was the highest in liver, followed by gill, muscle and blood. The accumulated concentration levels in various tissues were always higher in the high concentration compared to the low concentration. The highest accumulated concentration of Prometryn in various tissues in the 0.055 mg/L treatment were for muscle: 0.136 ± 0.0616 mg/kg (1 d), liver: 3.74 ± 2.95 mg/kg (7 d), gill: 0.971 ± 1.45 mg/kg (1 d) and blood: 0.0716 ± 0.0669 mg/kg (22 d). In the 0.55 mg/L treatment, the highest levels were for muscle: 1.27 ± 0.284 mg/kg (1 d), liver: 16.9 ± 12.7 mg/kg (7 d), gill: 8.11 ± 3.02 mg/kg (1 d) and blood: 0.751 ± 0.0775 mg/kg (22 d). The highest bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 93.1 was observed in the liver when exposed to the low concentration. Besides, for other tissues, the highest BCF were for muscle: 5.76, gill: 32.3 and blood: 2.91, all observed in the 0.55 mg/L treatment. Most of the accumulated Prometryn was removed from all tissues within 24 h after the organisms were transferred to clean water. However, management of using Prometryn in China aquaculture should be improved to prevent possible ecotoxicological effects and ensure food safety.
Environmental relevant herbicide Prometryn induces developmental toxicity in the early life stages of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) and its potential mechanism
Aquat Toxicol 2022 Feb;243:106079.PMID:35065453DOI:10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106079.
Triazine herbicides have been widely detected in marine environments because of their extensive usage in agriculture, but their impact on marine organisms is unclear. In this study, marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) embryos were exposed to 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L Prometryn, one of the most detected triazine herbicides, to investigate its potential effects. The results showed that 1, 10, 100, and 1000 µg/L Prometryn not only induced yolk sac shrinkage and heart malformations, but also significantly delayed the hatching time and increased the heart rate and hatching failure rate of embryos. Moreover, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L Prometryn caused obvious malformations and decreased the body length of the newly hatched larvae. After 21 d of exposure, increased larval death rate, decreased body length and width, and higher lipid accumulation were observed in the larvae from all Prometryn groups. Furthermore, Prometryn exposure upregulated the expression levels of cardiac development-related genes GATA, COX, ATPase, SmyD1, EPO, FGF8, NKX2, and BMP4 in the larvae. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 10 μg/L Prometryn upregulated 604 genes, and the topmost pathways of differentially expressed genes were the complement and coagulation cascades and AMPK signaling pathways. qPCR results confirmed that Prometryn exposure significantly increased the expression levels of the complement and coagulation cascade genes f2, f5, c3, and c5. This study demonstrated that environmentally relevant concentrations of Prometryn induced significant toxicity in the early life stages of marine medaka. Therefore, the health risks of herbicides to marine organisms are of great concern.