Home >> Proteins >> Viral Antigens

Viral Antigens(病毒抗原)

A viral Antigen is an antigen with multiple antigenicities that is protein in nature, strain-specific, and closely associated with the virus particle. A viral antigen is a protein encoded by the viral genome.A viral protein is an antigen specified by the viral genome that can be detected by a specific immunological response.

Viruses are infectious pathogens that cause serious diseases & major threats for global public health, such as influenza, hepatitis, & AIDS. Virus is a sub-micrometer particle that has DNA or RNA packed in a shell called capsid. Viral antigens protrude from the capsid and often fulfill important function in docking to the host cell, fusion, and injection of viral DNA/RNA. Antibody-based immune responses form a first layer of protection of the host from viral infection; however, in many cases a vigorous cellular immune response mediated by T-cells and NK-cells is required for effective viral clearance. When cellular immunity is unable to clear the virus, the infection can become chronic, and serum antibodies to the viral pathogen are used as first indicator for the diagnosis of the disease.

ELISAs provide a valuable tool in the detection and diagnosis of virus infection. The ability to produce recombinant viral proteins will ensure that future ELISAs are safe, specific and rapid. Even when a virus cannot be cultured, provided gene sequence is available, it is possible to rapidly respond to emerging viruses and new viral strains of existing pathogens.

Recombinant viral antigens contain part of viral sequence meaning that the recombinant antigen contains a region which can be recognized by different antibodies produced by different individuals. This reduces the risk of false negatives which can occur with synthetic peptides, which contain only a small portion of the entire protein. If an individual infected with a viral antigen makes antibodies to a part of the protein not included in the synthetic peptides, a false negative results.

Recombinant viral protein usually contains a fusion protein/partner which produces superior attachment to assay surfaces such as wells. For this reason, smaller amounts of recombinant protein will produce the same results as larger amounts of unfused protein. The choice of fusion partner prevents false positives, allowing superior adhesion without incorrect results.

Recombinant Viral proteins are expressed in bacteria, yeast, mammalian cells, and viruses. E. Coli cells were first to be used for this purpose but the expressed proteins were not glycosylated, which was a major drawback since many of the immunogenic proteins of viruses such as the envelope glycoproteins, were glycosylated. Nevertheless, in many instances, it was demonstrated that the non-glycosylated protein backbone was just as immunogenic. The obvious advantage of recombinant viral antigens is that they are available in unlimited quantities and the production and quality control processes is simple.

Advantages of defined using recombinant viral antigens:
1. Production and quality control is simple.
2. No nucleic acids or other viral or external proteins, therefore less toxic.
3. Safer in cases where viruses are oncogenic or establish a persistent infection.
4. Feasible even if virus cannot be cultivated

Disadvantages:
1. May be less immunogenic than conventional inactivated whole-virus vaccines.
2. Requires adjuvant .
3. Fails to elicit CMI.

Facts about Viral Antigens:
1. A Viral Protein Mimics its Way into cells.
2. Viral Protein Helps Infected T Cells Stick To Uninfected Cells.
3. The Viral Protein A238L Inhibits Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression through a Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cell-dependent Trans-activation Pathway.
4. Viral Protein is an effective preventative against ear infection.
5. HIV-1 Viral Protein R Induces Apoptosis via a Direct Effect on the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore.
6. The Level of Viral Antigen Presented by Hepatocytes Influences CD8 T-Cell Function.
7. Antigen-presenting cells from calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus, a member of the Flaviviridae, are not compromised in their ability to present viral antigen.
8. There is a difference in the distribution and spread of a viral antigen, development of lesions and correlation between presence of viral antigen and lesions.
9. The absence of viral antigens on the surface of equine herpesvirus-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells is a strategy to avoid complement-mediated lysis.
10. Viral Protein Influences Key Cell-signaling Pathway.
11. A viral protein produced by cancer-causing virus influences a key signaling pathway in the immune cells that the virus infects. This stimulates the cells to divide, helping the virus spread through the body.
12. Protection by recombinant viral proteins against a respiratory virulent avian metapneumovirus has been achieved.
13. Viral O-acetylesterases are found in influenza C viruses and Corona-viruses. Viral O-acetylesterases remove cellular receptors from the surface of target cells which destroys the receptor. Recombinant viral O-acetylesterases derived from Sf9 insect cells as chimeric proteins fused to eGFP specifically hydrolyze 9-O-acetylated sialic acids, while that of sialodacryoadenitis virus, a rat coronavirus related to mouse hepatitis virus, is specific for 4-O-acetylated sialic acid. The recombinant esterases were shown to specifically de-O-acetylate sialic acids on glycoconjugates. The recombinant viral proteins can be used to unambiguously identify O-acetylated acids.

Products for  Viral Antigens

  1. Cat.No. 产品名称 Information
  2. GC92121 P9R (trifluoroacetate salt) P9R (trifluoroacetate salt)是一种具有抗病毒活性的肽。
  3. GC92085 4-O10b1 4-O10b1是一种可电离的阳离子脂质(pKa = 5.148),已被用于生成脂质纳米颗粒(LNPs),用于体外和体内递送siRNA。
  4. GC92071 6,6′-Trehalose Dioleate

    6,6′-TDO

    6,6′-Trehalose Dioleate(6,6′-TDO)是一种糖脂,已被用于制备脂质纳米粒(LNPs),用于在体外和体内递送mRNA。
  5. GC92014 PKN3 Inhibitor Compound 16

    Protein Kinase N3 Inhibitor Compound 16

    PKN3 Inhibitor Compound 16是丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶N3的抑制剂(IC50 = 14 nM)。
  6. GC74628 Semzuvolimab

    UB421

    Semzuvolimab是一种小鼠IgG1κ抗体,靶向p55,T细胞表面抗原T4/Leu-3(CD4)。
  7. GC74337 IALYLQQNW IALYLQQNW是Epstein-Barr病毒(EBV)编码的肿瘤相关抗原潜伏膜蛋白1 (LMP1)的特异性非肽序列。
  8. GC74090 Dimethyl fumarate-d2

    富马酸二甲酯-d2

    Dimethyl fumarate-d2是氘标记的富马酸二甲酯。
  9. GC74067 HIV-1 inhibitor-69 HIV-1 inhibitor-69 (compound Test set 1)是一种HIV-1 RT抑制剂。
  10. GC73971 Nipamovir Nipamovir是一种硝基咪唑前药。
  11. GC73805 Antiviral agent 55 Antiviral agent 55(化合物95)是人类免疫缺陷病毒1和2 (HIV 1和HIV 2)的抑制剂,具有抗病毒活性。
  12. GC73486 Atevirdine Atevirdine是一种强效的非核苷HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂。
  13. GC73412 BDM-2 BDM-2是HIV-1整合酶(IN指整合酶)的IN-LEDGF变构抑制剂(INLAI)(IC50=47 nM),具有强效的抗逆转录病毒(ARV)活性。
  14. GC73284 Trecovirsen sodium

    GEM91 sodium

    Trecovirsen sodium是一种针对HIV基因gag位点的25聚反义硫代寡核苷酸。
  15. GC73260 EBV lytic cycle inducer-1 Epstein-Barr病毒EBV lytic cycle inducer-1 Dp44mT化合物C7是一种铁螯合物样化合物。
  16. GC73003 EBNA1-IN-SC7 EBNA1-IN-SC7(化合物SC7)是一种选择性EBNA1 (Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1)抑制剂,干扰EBNA1- dna结合活性,IC50值为23 μM。
  17. GC72952 1E7-03 1E7-03是一种靶向蛋白磷酸酶-1的低分子量四喹啉衍生物,可以抑制HIV-1的转录。
  18. GC72835 NSC260594 NSC260594诱导细胞凋亡。
  19. GC72470 Elipovimab Elipovimab是一种有效的广泛中和HIV-1抗体,用于靶向消除hiv感染细胞。
  20. GC72333 Zinlirvimab Zinlirvimab是一种针对HIV-1 gp120包膜糖蛋白(IIIB gp120 V3环)的人IgG1-λ2 HIV中和抗体。
  21. GC72038 Icariside D2 Icariside D2从番荔枝果实中分离出来的,抑制血管紧张素转换酶。
  22. GC71981 Gomisin M1 Gomisin M1((±)-Gomisin M1)是一种有效的抗HIV药物,EC50<0.65μM。
  23. GC71952 Interiorin Interiorin可以从南五味子中分离出来,具有中等的抗HIV活性,EC50值为1.6 lg/mL。
  24. GC71244 UC-781 UC-781 (NSC 675186)是一种高效、选择性的HIV-1非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂(NNRTI), IC50值为5 nM。
  25. GC71227 PYR01 PYR01是一种有效的HIV-1非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂。
  26. GC70929 Fipravirimat dihydrochloride Fipravirimat dihydrochloride是一种有效的HIV-1抑制剂。
  27. GC70800 EFdA-TP tetrasodium EFdA-TP tetrasodium是一种强效的核苷逆转录酶(RT)抑制剂。
  28. GC70780 Ingenol-3-palmitate Ingenol-3-palmitate是一种天然产物,可以从Euphorbia ebracteolata的根中分离出来。
  29. GC70661 Dolutegravir-d3 Dolutegravir-d3是氘标记的Dolutegravir。
  30. GC70647 Emtricitabine triphosphate tetrasodium salt Emtricitabine triphosphate tetrasodium salt是恩曲他滨三磷酸盐的四钠盐形式。
  31. GC70579 VK-1727 VK-1727是EBNA1的选择性小分子抑制剂。
  32. GC70228 SAMT-247 SAMT-247是一种杀微生物剂,可选择性地使病毒核衣壳蛋白NCp7失活,引起锌的排出并阻止RNA的衣壳化。
  33. GC70227 Clathrin-IN-1 Clathrin-IN-1是一种选择性网格蛋白介导的内吞作用(CME)抑制剂。
  34. GC91296 p-Carboxyphenyl Sulfate

    Benzoic Acid-4-sulfate, 4-Carboxyphenyl Sulfate, para-Carboxyphenyl Sulfate, 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Sulfate, p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Sulfate, para-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Sulfate

    一种硫酸化的酚酸。

  35. GC91229 DXR Inhibitor 11a (free acid)

    1-Deoxy-D-Xylulose-5-phosphate Reductoisomerase Inhibitor 11a

    一种抑制P. falciparum DXR的药物。

  36. GC91141 DXR Inhibitor 11a (sodium salt)

    1-Deoxy-D-Xylulose-5-Phosphate Reductoisomerase Inhibitor 11a

    一种抑制P. falciparum DXR的物质。

  37. GC90744 1,2-Dioleoyl-3(R)-trimethylammoniumpropane (chloride)

    R-DOTAP

    一个阳离子脂质

  38. GC90631 LL-37 (human) (scrambled) (trifluoroacetate salt)

    Cathelicidin, CAP-18, FALL-39, hCAP-18

    LL-37(人类)的阴性对照。

  39. GC90598 DOG-IM4

    一种可离子化的阳离子脂质

  40. GC90488 Tat-Beclin 1 (acetate)

    Tat-BECN1

    一种诱导自噬的肽。

  41. GC70056 Trecovirsen

    GEM91

    Trecovirsen (GEM91) 是一种靶向 HIV gag 基因的反义寡核苷酸。
  42. GC69230 HIV-1 inhibitor-45 HIV-1 inhibitor-45 (compound IA-6) 是一种有效的 HIV-1 RNase H 抑制剂,IC50 为 0.067 μM。HIV-1 inhibitor-45 显示出抗病毒活性。
  43. GC69180 Glycolithocholic acid 3-sulfate

    Glycolithocholate sulfate; Sulfolithocholylglycine; SLCG

    Glycolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (SLCG) 是一种胆汁酸衍生物和甘胆酸的代谢物。Glycolithocholic acid 3-sulfate 抑制 HIV-1 的复制。Glycolithocholic acid 3-sulfate 可用于研究 HIV 感染和胆囊疾病。
  44. GC68930 Cys-TAT(47-57) TFA

    Cys-[HIV-Tat (47-57)] TFA

    Cys-TAT(47-57) (Cys-[HIV-Tat (47-57)]) 是能穿透细胞的富含精氨酸的十二肽,是 HIV-1 反式激活蛋白衍生物。
  45. GC68719 AZT triphosphate tetraammonium

    3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate tetraammonium

    AZT triphosphate (3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate) tetraammonium 是一种 Zidovudine (AZT) 的活性三磷酸酯代谢产物。AZT triphosphate tetraammonium 具有抗逆转录病毒的活性,并抑制 HIV 复制。AZT triphosphate tetraammonium 还可抑制 HBV 的 DNA 聚合酶。AZT triphosphate tetraammonium 可激活线粒体介导的凋亡 (apoptosis) 途径。
  46. GC68678 APOBEC3G-IN-1 APOBEC3G-IN-1 (MN136.0185) 是一种强效的 HIV 抑制剂,靶向 APOBEC3G。
  47. GP26445 Dengue Envelope-2 14 kDa Recombinant Dengue Envelope 2 produced in E
  48. GP26444 Anhui H7N9 Anhui H7N9 produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 330 amino acids (19-339 aa) and having a molecular mass of 36 kDa
  49. GP26443 SIV GAG SIV GAG Recombinant produced in E
  50. GP26442 HIV-2 gp160 HIV-2 gp160 produced in E
  51. GP26441 HIV-1 GAG HIV-1 GAG Recombinant produced in E

Items 1 to 50 of 719 total

per page
  1. 1
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
  5. 5

Set Descending Direction