Pyraflufen-ethyl
目录号 : GC68036Pyraflufen-ethyl 是一种苯基吡唑类除草剂，用于控制一年生和多年生阔叶杂草。
Cas No.:129630-19-9
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Pyraflufen-ethyl is a phenylpyrazole herbicide for control of annual and perennial broadleaf weeds[1].
[1]. Jose V.Fernandez, et al. Parthenium hysterophorusL. control in response to pyraflufen-ethyl application. Crop Protection, Volume 57, March 2014, Pages 35-37
| Cas No. | 129630-19-9 | SDF | Download SDF |
| 分子式 | C15H13Cl2F3N2O4 | 分子量 | 413.18 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : 100 mg/mL (242.03 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming) | 储存条件 | 4°C, protect from light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.4203 mL | 12.1013 mL | 24.2025 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4841 mL | 2.4203 mL | 4.8405 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.242 mL | 1.2101 mL | 2.4203 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Pyraflufen-ethyl residues in soil by solid phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection
Anal Sci 2006 Dec;22(12):1589-92.PMID:17159321DOI:10.2116/analsci.22.1589.
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure for cleanup followed by HPLC-UV method has been investigated for the determination of Pyraflufen-ethyl residues in soil. The pesticide is extracted from the sample with acetone-water (80:20, v/v) and the extract is loaded onto an octadecyl (C(18)) column. The pesticide is eluted with acetonitrile and determined by HPLC with a UV detector. Using an acetone-water extraction followed by a C(18) cleanup, this method is characterized by recovery >90.1%, precision <5.8% RSD and sensitivity of 0.01 mg/kg. The proposed method has been successfully employed for the determination of the degradation dynamics of Pyraflufen-ethyl in four agricultural soil samples under laboratory conditions.
Evaluation of confirmatory data following the Article 12 MRL review for Pyraflufen-ethyl
EFSA J 2018 Oct 19;16(10):e05444.PMID:32625723DOI:10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5444.
The applicant, Nichino Europe Co. Ltd., submitted application request to the competent national authority in the Netherlands to evaluate confirmatory data that were identified for Pyraflufen-ethyl in the framework of the maximum residue level (MRL) review under Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 as not available. The submitted data were sufficient to confirm the MRLs for citrus fruits, tree nuts, pome fruits, stone fruits, table and wine grapes, currants, gooseberries, elderberries, table olives, potatoes, rapeseeds/canola seeds, olives for oil production, barley, oat, rye, and wheat. Furthermore, the submitted data were sufficient to propose an MRL for cotton seeds. The confirmatory data requirement for an analytical method in hops has not been addressed satisfactorily; as regards the existing MRL for hops, further risk management decisions need to be taken. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of Pyraflufen-ethyl according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.
Multiple Resistance Evolution in Bipyridylium-Resistant Epilobium ciliatum After Recurrent Selection
Front Plant Sci 2018 May 28;9:695.PMID:29892306DOI:10.3389/fpls.2018.00695.
The use of herbicides with different modes of action is the primary strategy used to control weeds possessing resistance to a single mechanism of action (MOA). However, this practice can lead to selection for generalist resistance mechanisms and may cause resistance to all MOAs. In this research, we characterized the resistance to diquat/paraquat (bipyridiliums) in an Epilobium ciliatum biotype (R1) collected in an olive orchard from Chile, where alternatives herbicides (2,4-D, glyphosate, glufosinate, flazasulfuron and Pyraflufen-ethyl) with different MOAs were used, but they have also showed failure in controlling this species. Because the resistance/susceptibility patterns of the R1 biotype to glufosinate, 2,4-D and Pyraflufen-ethyl were not clear, a recurrent resistance selection was carried out in field and greenhouse using these herbicides on R1 plants for three generations (R2 biotype). One biotype that was never treated with herbicides (S) was included as control. Results indicated that the S biotype was controlled at the field dose of all herbicides tested. The biotype R1 exhibited resistance to diquat, paraquat and flazasulfuron and natural tolerance to glyphosate. The R2 biotype displayed resistance to glufosinate, 2,4-D and Pyraflufen-ethyl with LD50 (herbicide dose to kill 50% of plants) values higher than field doses in all assays. Physiological and biochemical studies determined the resistance to diquat of the R1 biotype, which was due to impaired translocation. The resistance to flazasulfuron in the R1 and R2 biotypes was confirmed by the low sensitivity of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity compared to the S biotype. The similar accumulation of shikimate in treated S, R1, and R2 plants with glyphosate supported the existence of innate tolerance to this herbicide in E. ciliatum. Resistance to glufosinate, 2,4-D and Pyraflufen-ethyl in the R2 biotype, acquired after recurrent selection, was determined by low sensitivity of the glutamine synthetase, low accumulation of ethylene and protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase, respectively, in comparison to the S biotype. Epilobium ciliatum from Chilean olive orchards had resistance to only two MAOs (photosystem I and ALS inhibitors), but resistance to five MOAs could occur in the next cropping seasons, if alternatives to weed management, other than herbicides, are not included.
Toxicity assessment of 45 pesticides to the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida
Chemosphere 2012 Jul;88(4):484-91.PMID:22459421DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.02.086.
This study was conducted to investigate comparative toxicity of 45 pesticides, including insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, and herbicides, toward the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida. Results from a 48-h filter paper contact test indicated that clothianidin, fenpyroximate, and pyridaben were supertoxic to E. fetida with LC(50) values ranging from 0.28 (0.24-0.35) to 0.72 (0.60-0.94) μg cm(-2), followed by carbaryl, pyridaphenthion, azoxystrobin, cyproconazole, and picoxystrobin with LC(50) values ranging from 2.72 (2.22-0.3.19) to 8.48 (7.38-10.21) μg cm(-2), while the other pesticides ranged from being relatively nontoxic to very toxic to the worms. When tested in artificial soil for 14 d, clothianidin and picoxystrobin showed the highest intrinsic toxicity against E. fetida, and their LC(50) values were 6.06 (5.60-6.77) and 7.22 (5.29-8.68) mg kg(-1), respectively, followed by fenpyroximate with an LC(50) of 75.52 (68.21-86.57) mgkg(-1). However, the herbicides fluoroglycofen, paraquat, and Pyraflufen-ethyl exhibited the lowest toxicities with LC(50) values>1000 mg kg(-1). In contrast, the other pesticides exhibited relatively low toxicities with LC(50) values ranging from 133.5 (124.5-150.5) to 895.2 (754.2-1198.0) mg kg(-1). The data presented in this paper provided useful information for evaluating the potential risk of these chemicals to soil invertebrates.
Design, synthesis and screening of herbicidal activity for new phenyl pyrazole-based protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibitors (PPO) overcoming resistance issues
Pest Manag Sci 2023 Feb 23.PMID:36815643DOI:10.1002/ps.7425.
Background: Whilst there are several methods to control weeds, which continuously plague farmers around the globe, the application of small molecular compounds is still the most effective technology to date. Plants can evolve to become resistant to PPO-inhibitors, a class of herbicides in commercial use since the 1960s. It is therefore essential to continuously develop new herbicides based on this mode-of-action with enhanced intrinsic activity, an improved resistance profile and favourable physicochemical properties. Based on an Amaranthus PPO crystal structure and subsequent modelling studies, halogen-substituted pyrazoles have been investigated as isosteres of uracil-based PPO-inhibitors. Results: By combining structural features from the commercial PPO-inhibitors tiafenacil and Pyraflufen-ethyl and by investigating receptor-binding properties, we identified new promising pyrazole-based lead structures showing strong activity in vitro and in vivo against economically important weeds of the Amaranthus genus: A. retroflexus, and resistant A. palmeri and A. tuberculatus. Conclusion: The present work covers a series of novel PPO-inhibiting compounds that contain a pyrazole ring and a substituted thioacetic acid sidechain attached to the core phenyl group. These compounds show good receptor fit in line with excellent herbicidal activity against weeds that plague corn and rice crops with low application rates. This, in combination with promising selectivity in corn, have the potential to mitigate and affect weeds that have become resistant to some of the current market standards. Remarkably, some of the novel PPO-inhibitors outlined herein show efficacies against economically important weeds that were superior to recently commercialized and structurally related tiafenacil. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.