Ralaniten
(Synonyms: EPI-002) 目录号 : GC62683
Ralaniten (EPI-002) 是一种有效和具有口服活性的雄激素受体 N 端结构域 (AR-NTD) 拮抗剂。Ralaniten 抑制 AR 转录活性，IC50 值为 7.4 μM。Ralanites 可用于去势抵抗性前列腺癌 (CRPC) 的研究。
Cas No.:1203490-23-6
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >99.50%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Ralaniten (EPI-002) is a potent and orally active antagonist of the androgen receptor-N-terminal domain (AR-NTD). Ralaniten inhibits AR transcriptional activity, with IC50 of 7.4 μM. Ralaniten can be used for the research of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)[1][2].
EPI-002 (5-35 μM; 2-3 days) reduces AR-dependent proliferation of LNCaP cells, and has no effect on the viability of PC3 human prostate cancer cells that do not express functional AR[1].Ralaniten (10-35 μM; 4 h) inhibits transactivation of the AR N-terminal domain (NTD) induced by forskolin in LNCaP cells[1].
EPI-002 (100 mg/kg; p.o. twice daily for 28 days) inhibits the VCaP tumor growth in castrated mice[1].
[1]. Myung JK, et, al. An androgen receptor N-terminal domain antagonist for treating prostate cancer. J Clin Invest. 2013 Jul;123(7):2948-60.
[2]. Yang YC, et, al. Targeting Androgen Receptor Activation Function-1 with EPI to Overcome Resistance Mechanisms in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2016 Sep 1;22(17):4466-77.
| Cas No. | 1203490-23-6 | SDF | |
| 别名 | EPI-002 | ||
| 分子式 | C21H27ClO5 | 分子量 | 394.89 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : 100 mg/mL (253.24 mM; Need ultrasonic) | 储存条件 | 4°C, protect from light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.5324 mL | 12.6618 mL | 25.3235 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5065 mL | 2.5324 mL | 5.0647 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2532 mL | 1.2662 mL | 2.5324 mL |
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动物平均体重 | g | |
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工作液浓度： mg/ml；
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2.
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Ralaniten Sensitizes Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer to Ionizing Radiation in Prostate Cancer Cells that Express Androgen Receptor Splice Variants
Cancers (Basel) 2020 Jul 21;12(7):1991.PMID:32708219DOI:10.3390/cancers12071991.
Blocking androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) improves the response to radiotherapy for intermediate and high risk prostate cancer. Unfortunately, ADT, antiandrogens, and abiraterone increase expression of constitutively active splice variants of AR (AR-Vs) which regulate DNA damage repair leading to resistance to radiotherapy. Here we investigate whether blocking the transcriptional activities of full-length AR and AR-Vs with Ralaniten leads to enhanced sensitivity to radiotherapy. Combination therapies using Ralaniten with ionizing radiation were evaluated for effects on proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle, DNA damage, and Western blot analyses in human prostate cancer cells that express both full-length AR and AR-Vs. Ralaniten and a potent next-generation analog (EPI-7170) decreased expression of DNA repair genes whereas enzalutamide had no effect. FACS analysis revealed a dose-dependent decrease of BrdU incorporation with increased accumulation of γH2AX with a combination of ionizing radiation with Ralaniten. An additive inhibitory effect on proliferation of enzalutamide-resistant cells was achieved with a combination of Ralaniten compounds with ionizing radiation. Ralaniten and EPI-7170 sensitized prostate cancer cells that express full-length AR and AR-Vs to radiotherapy whereas enzalutamide had no added benefit.
Revealing Metabolic Liabilities of Ralaniten To Enhance Novel Androgen Receptor Targeted Therapies
ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019 Sep 26;2(6):453-467.PMID:32259077DOI:10.1021/acsptsci.9b00065.
Inhibition of the androgen receptor (AR) is the mainstay treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Ralaniten (formally EPI-002) prevents AR transcriptional activity by binding to its N-terminal domain (NTD) which is essential for transcriptional activity. Ralaniten acetate (EPI-506) the triacetate pro-drug of Ralaniten, remains the only AR-NTD inhibitor to have entered clinical trials (NCT02606123). While well tolerated, the trial was ultimately terminated due to poor pharmacokinetic properties and resulting pill burden. Here we discovered that Ralaniten was glucuronidated which resulted in decreased potency. Long-term treatment of prostate cancer cells with Ralaniten results in upregulation of UGT2B enzymes with concomitant loss of potency. This has proven to be a useful model with which to facilitate the development of more potent second-generation AR-NTD inhibitors. Glucuronidated metabolites of Ralaniten were also detected in the serum of patients in Phase 1 clinical trials. Therefore, we tested an analogue of Ralaniten (EPI-045) which was resistant to glucuronidation and demonstrated superiority to Ralaniten in our resistant model. These data support that analogues of Ralaniten designed to mitigate glucuronidation may optimize clinical responses to AR-NTD inhibitors.
Differential Gene Expression Profiles between N-Terminal Domain and Ligand-Binding Domain Inhibitors of Androgen Receptor Reveal Ralaniten Induction of Metallothionein by a Mechanism Dependent on MTF1
Cancers (Basel) 2022 Jan 13;14(2):386.PMID:35053548DOI:10.3390/cancers14020386.
Hormonal therapies for prostate cancer target the androgen receptor (AR) ligand-binding domain (LBD). Clinical development for inhibitors that bind to the N-terminal domain (NTD) of AR has yielded Ralaniten and its analogues. Ralaniten acetate is well tolerated in patients at 3600 mgs/day. Clinical trials are ongoing with a second-generation analogue of Ralaniten. Binding sites on different AR domains could result in differential effects on AR-regulated gene expression. Here, we provide the first comparison between AR-NTD inhibitors and AR-LBD inhibitors on androgen-regulated gene expression in prostate cancer cells using cDNA arrays, GSEA, and RT-PCR. LBD inhibitors and NTD inhibitors largely overlapped in the profile of androgen-induced genes that they each inhibited. However, androgen also represses gene expression by various mechanisms, many of which involve protein-protein interactions. De-repression of the transcriptome of androgen-repressed genes showed profound variance between these two classes of inhibitors. In addition, these studies revealed a unique and strong induction of expression of the metallothionein family of genes by Ralaniten by a mechanism independent of AR and dependent on MTF1, thereby suggesting this may be an off-target. Due to the relatively high doses that may be encountered clinically with AR-NTD inhibitors, identification of off-targets may provide insight into potential adverse events, contraindications, or poor efficacy.
Pin1 inhibition improves the efficacy of Ralaniten compounds that bind to the N-terminal domain of androgen receptor
Commun Biol 2021 Mar 22;4(1):381.PMID:33753863DOI:10.1038/s42003-021-01927-3.
Therapies for lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are an unmet medical need. One mechanism underlying CRPC and resistance to hormonal therapies is the expression of constitutively active splice variant(s) of androgen receptor (AR-Vs) that lack its C-terminus ligand-binding domain. Transcriptional activities of AR-Vs and full-length AR reside in its N-terminal domain (NTD). Ralaniten is the only drug proven to bind AR NTD, and it showed promise of efficacy in Phase 1 trials. The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 is frequently overexpressed in prostate cancer. Here we show that Pin1 interacted with AR NTD. The inhibition of Pin1 expression or its activity selectively reduced the transcriptional activities of full-length AR and AR-V7. Combination of Pin1 inhibitor with Ralaniten promoted cell cycle arrest and had improved antitumor activity against CRPC xenografts in vivo compared to individual monotherapies. These findings support the rationale for therapy that combines a Pin1 inhibitor with Ralaniten for treating CRPC.
Cyclin-dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitor Palbociclib in Combination with Ralaniten Analogs for the Treatment of Androgen Receptor-positive Prostate and Breast Cancers
Mol Cancer Ther 2022 Feb;21(2):294-309.PMID:34815359DOI:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-21-0411.
Androgen receptor (AR) has essential roles in the growth of prostate cancer and some breast cancers. Inhibition of AR transcriptional activity by targeting its N-terminal domain with Ralaniten or an analog such as EPI-7170 causes accumulation of cells in the G1-phase of the cell cycle. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 with palbociclib also leads to accumulation of cells in the G1-phase. Here, a combination of EPI-7170 with palbociclib attenuated the in vivo growth of human castration-resistant prostate cancer xenografts that are resistant to antiandrogens. Cell-cycle tracing experiments in cultured cells revealed that EPI-7170 targeted cells in the S-phase, possibly through inducing DNA damage or impairing the DNA damage response, whereas palbociclib targeted the G1-S transition to delay the cell cycle. Combination treatment prevented cells in G1 and G2-M from progressing in the cell cycle and caused a portion of cells in the S-phase to arrest, which contributed to a twofold increase in doubling time to >63 hours compared with 25 hours in control cells. Importantly, sequential combination treatments with palbociclib administered first then followed by EPI-7170, resulted in more cells accumulating in G1 and less cells in the S-phase than concomitant combination which was presumably because each inhibitor has a unique mechanism in modulating the cell cycle in cancer cells. Together, these data support that the combination therapy was more effective than individual monotherapies to reduce tumor growth by targeting different phases of the cell cycle.