Artelinic acid
目录号 : GC61598
Artelinicacid，青蒿素衍生物，可用于恶性疟原虫多药耐药的抗疟研究。Artelinicacid可以通过各种途径给药，包括静脉、肌肉和口服途径。
Cas No.:120020-26-0
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Artelinic acid, a derivative of Artemisinin, is an antimalarial drug for the treatment of multidrug resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Artelinic acid can be administered by various routes of administration, including intravenous, intramuscular and oral routes[1][2].
Artelinic acid (10 mg/kg; i.v.) has an elimination time t1/2 of 0.37 hours, a CL of 14.99 mL/min/kg, a Vss of 9.52 L and a AUC0-12h of 11219 ng h/mL for dogs[1]. Artelinic acid (10 mg/kg; intramuscular) has an elimination time t1/2 of 6.14 hours, a CL of 14.58 mL/min/kg, a Vss of 36.1 L and a AUC0-12h of 96372 ng h/mL for dogs[1].Artelinic acid (10 mg/kg; oral) has an elimination time t1/2 of 2.21 hours, a CL of 14.6 mL/min/kg, a Vss of 16.2 L and a AUC0-12h of 8839 ng h/mL for dogs[1]. Animal Model: Adult male beagle dogs 3-5 years old[1]
[1]. Li QG, et al. Pharmacology and toxicology of artelinic acid: preclinical investigations on pharmacokinetics, metabolism, protein and red blood cell binding, and acute and anorectic toxicities. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1998 May-Jun;92(3):332-40. [2]. Hartell MG, et al. Nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular modeling analysis of the interaction of the antimalarial drugs artelinic acid and artesunic acid with beta-cyclodextrin. J Pharm Sci. 2004 Aug;93(8):2076-89.
| Cas No. | 120020-26-0 | SDF | |
| Canonical SMILES | O=C(O)C1=CC=C(CO[C@@H]2[C@H](C)[C@]3([H])CC[C@@H](C)[C@]4([H])CC[C@@](O5)(C)OO[C@]43[C@]5([H])O2)C=C1 | ||
| 分子式 | C23H30O7 | 分子量 | 418.48 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: 100 mg/mL (238.96 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.3896 mL | 11.948 mL | 23.896 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4779 mL | 2.3896 mL | 4.7792 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.239 mL | 1.1948 mL | 2.3896 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Transdermal Artelinic acid: an effective treatment for Plasmodium berghei-infected mice
Am J Trop Med Hyg 1991 Nov;45(5):602-7.PMID:1951870DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.1991.45.602.
Artelinic acid, a derivative of the naturally occurring antimalarial artemisinin, has been incorporated into a gel suitable for transdermal administration. The formulation was tested for efficacy in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice for both curative and prophylactic properties by application to their partially denuded backs, beginning on days 3 and 0, respectively, after injection of parasitized erythrocytes. In the curative experiments, rapid elimination of the parasitemia and 60-day survival of five of five mice was achieved by dermal application of gel containing 0.9 mg of Artelinic acid that was administered twice a day, beginning on day 3 after infection, for three days (total dosage of 270 mg/kg). In the prophylactic trials, the establishment of parasitemia was prevented and 60-day survival was achieved in five of five mice at a dose of 0.9 mg of Artelinic acid administered twice a day, beginning on the day of inoculation, for two days (total dosage of 180 mg/kg). The transdermal medium, with or without drug, caused no topical or systemic toxicity.
In vivo antimalarial activity and pharmacokinetics of artelinic acid-choline derivative liposomes in rodents
Parasitology 2020 Jan;147(1):58-64.PMID:31556865DOI:10.1017/S0031182019001306.
It is urgent to develop new antimalarial drugs with good therapeutic effects to address the emergence of drug resistance. Here, the artelinic acid-choline derivative (AD) was synthesized by dehydration reaction and esterification reaction, aimed to avoid the emergence of drug resistance by synergistic effect of artemisinins and choline derivative, which could compete with choline for rate-limiting enzymes in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthetic pathway. AD was formulated into liposomes (ADLs) by the thin-film hydration method. Efficacy of ADLs was evaluated by Peters 4-day suppression test. The suppression percentage against Plasmodium yoelii BY265 (PyBY265) in ADLs group was higher than those of positive control groups (dihydroartemisinin liposomes, P < 0.05) and other control groups (P ⩽ 0.05) at the doses of 4.4, 8.8, 17.6 µmol (kg·d)-1, respectively. The negative conversion fraction, recrudescence fraction and survival fraction of ADLs group were superior to other control groups. Pharmacokinetics in rats after intravenous injection suggested that ADLs exhibited higher exposure levels (indexed by area under concentration-time curve) than that of AD solution, Artelinic acid liposomes or Artelinic acid solution (P < 0.01). Taken together, ADLs exhibited promising antimalarial efficacy and pharmacokinetic characteristics.
Nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular modeling analysis of the interaction of the antimalarial drugs Artelinic acid and artesunic acid with beta-cyclodextrin
J Pharm Sci 2004 Aug;93(8):2076-89.PMID:15236456DOI:10.1002/jps.20106.
The artemisinin derivatives Artelinic acid and artesunic acid are members of a class of compounds that have shown promise for the treatment of multidrug resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Unfortunately, these compounds exhibit poor solubility and stability in aqueous solution. The research presented herein was conducted to determine whether complexation of Artelinic acid or artesunic acid with beta-cyclodextrin would result in complexes with increased aqueous solubility while retaining the potent antimalarial activity of these compounds. Preliminary complexation studies with natural beta-cyclodextrins were conducted as a proof of concept, with a primary focus on understanding the electrostatic interactions that stabilize the resulting complexes. Complex formation was monitored using UV spectroscopy. The structures of the resulting complexes were determined using multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and molecular modeling. NMR results are most consistent for Artelinic acid and beta-cyclodextrin forming complexes in a ratio of 2:1; however, the presence of 1:1, 2:2, and 3:1 complexes in solution cannot be excluded based on the experimental data collected. The NMR data also indicate selective insertion of Artelinic acid into the hydrophobic cavity of the beta-cyclodextrin via the primary face. NMR results indicate artesunic acid forms a similar complex with beta-cyclodextrin in a ratio of 1:1; again however, the presence of 1:1, 2:2, and 3:1 complexes in solution cannot be ruled out.
Artesunate and Artelinic acid: association of embryotoxicity, reticulocytopenia, and delayed stimulation of hematopoiesis in pregnant rats
Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol 2011 Feb;92(1):52-68.PMID:21312322DOI:10.1002/bdrb.20282.
The artemisinin antimalarials cause embryo death and malformations in animals by killing embryonic erythroblasts. Groups of pregnant rats (N = 4) were administered 35 and 48 µmol/kg artesunate and 17.2, 28.7, 48, 96, and 191 µmol/kg Artelinic acid as a single oral dose on gestational day (GD) 12. Litters were examined on GD21. The ED(50) for embryo death with Artelinic acid (23.4 µmol/kg) was just slightly lower than that for decreased reticulocyte count at 24 hr postdose (33.5 µmol/kg) and both had similarly steep dose responses (maximal effects of total litter loss and ∼60% decreases in reticulocyte count at 48 µmol/kg). Results with artesunate were similar. The correlation coefficient between embryo death and decreased reticulocyte count was 0.82 (p<0.01). The close relationship between embryotoxicity and reticulocytopenia is suggestive of a common mechanism-artemisinin-induced mitochondrial damage leading to cell death. At 9 days postdose, treatment with artesunate and Artelinic acid also caused increases in counts of reticulocytes, lymphocytes, basophils, and monocytes (up to 3.7 ×, 1.7 ×, 4.7 ×, and 1.7 × control, respectively). This stimulation of hematopoiesis may have been mediated by the direct oxidative conversion of artesunate or Artelinic acid to the artemisininyl hydroperoxide within the bone marrow cells or by an indirect increase in reactive oxygen species. The high correlation between embryotoxicity and reticulocytopenia further supports the assertion that therapeutic dosage regimens of artemisinins that cause decreases in reticulocyte count in pregnant women during the putative critical period (approximately postconception wk 3 to 9) are at risk of also causing adverse effects on the embryo.
The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of dihydroartemisinin, arteether, artemether, artesunic acid and Artelinic acid in rats
J Pharm Pharmacol 1998 Feb;50(2):173-82.PMID:9530985DOI:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1998.tb06173.x.
The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of dihydroartemisinin (DQHS), artemether (AM), arteether (AE), artesunic acid (AS) and Artelinic acid (AL) have been investigated in rats after single intravenous, intramuscular and intragastric doses of 10 mg kg(-1). Plasma was separated from blood samples collected at different times after dosing and analysed for parent drug. Plasma samples from rats dosed with AM, AE, AS and AL were also analysed for DQHS which is known to be an active metabolite of these compounds. Plasma levels of all parent compounds decreased biexponentially and were a reasonable fit to a two-compartment open model. The resulting pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were substantially different not only between drugs but also between routes of administration for the same drug. After intravenous injection the highest plasma level was obtained with AL, followed by DQHS, AM, AE and AS. This resulted in the lowest steady-state volume of distribution (0.39 L) for AL, increasing thereafter for DQHS (0.50 L), AM (0.67 L), AE (0.72 L) and AS (0.87 L). Clearance of AL (21-41 mL min(-1) kg(-1)) was slower than that of the other drugs for all three routes of administration (DQHS, 55-64 mL min(-1) kg(-1); AM, 91-92 mL min(-1) kg(-1); AS, 191-240 mL min(-1) kg(-1); AE, 200-323 mL min(-1) kg(-1)). In addition the terminal half-life after intravenous dosing was longest for AL (1.35 h), followed by DQHS (0.95 h), AM (0.53 h), AE (0.45 h) and AS (0.35 h). Bioavailability after intramuscular injection was highest for AS (105%), followed by AL (95%) and DQHS (85%). The low bioavailability of AM (54%) and AE (34%) is probably the result of slow, prolonged absorption of the sesame-oil formulation from the injection site. After oral administration, low bioavailability (19-35%) was observed for all five drugs. In-vivo AM, AE, AS and AL were converted to DQHS to different extents; the ranking order of percentage of total dose converted to DQHS was AS (25.3-72.7), then AE (3.4-15.9), AM (3.7-12.4) and AL (1.0-4.3). The same ranking order was obtained for all formulations and routes of administration. The drug with the highest percentage conversion to DQHS was artesunic acid. Because DQHS has significant antimalarial activity, relatively low DQHS production could still contribute significantly to the antimalarial efficacy of these drugs. This is the first time the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and conversion to DQHS of these drugs have been directly compared after different routes of administration. The results show that of all the artemisinin drugs studied the plasma level was highest for Artelinic acid; this reflects its lowest extent of conversion to DQHS and its slowest rate of elimination.