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Home >> Signaling Pathways >> Immunology/Inflammation >> Reactive Oxygen Species

Reactive Oxygen Species(活性氧)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (HO•), consist of radical and non-radical oxygen species formed by the partial reduction of oxygen. Cellular ROS are generated endogenously during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion.

ROS also activates MAPK pathways by the direct inhibition of MAPK phosphatases. Through PTEN, the PI3K pathway is subject to reversible redox regulation by ROS generated by growth factor stimulation. The activation of autophagy may be a cellular defense mechanism in response to ROS.

Products for  Reactive Oxygen Species

  1. Cat.No. 产品名称 Information
  2. GC39512 Tempo

    2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物

     Tempo 是一种经典的一氧化氮自由基，也 是一种线粒体 ROS 的选择性清除剂，可在催化循环中使超氧化物歧化。Tempo 可诱导 DNA 链断裂，并可用作将伯醇氧化为醛的有机催化剂。Tempo 具有诱变和抗氧化作用。
  3. GC45010 TEMPONE

    4-氧-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基

     A 4-oxo derivative of the spin trap TEMPO
  4. GC34115 Tetrahydroxyquinone (Tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone)

    四羟基苯醌,Tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone; Tetrahydroxybenzoquinone

     A redox-active hydroxyquinone
  5. GC61665 Tetrahydroxyquinone monohydrate

    四羟基苯醌水合物,Tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone monohydrate; Tetrahydroxybenzoquinone monohydrate

     A redox-active hydroxyquinone
  6. GC48162 Theobromine-d6

    可可碱-D6(二甲基-D6),3,7-Dimethylxanthine-d6

     An internal standard for the quantification of theobromine
  7. GC45578 Thymohydroquinone

    瑞香[草]氫醌

     A quinone with diverse biological activities
  8. GC40555 Tiopronin

    BRN 1859822, (±)-Tiopronin

     Tiopronin is an antioxidant that has diverse biological activities.
  9. GC91083 Tiopronin-Cysteine Disulfide

    α-Mercaptopropionylglycine-Cysteine Disulfide

    一种硫普罗宁的代谢产物。
  10. GC49062 Tiopronin-d3

    (±)-Tiopronin-d3

     An internal standard for the quantification of tiopronin
  11. GC45059 TMB (hydrochloride hydrate)

    3,3',5,5'-四甲基苯并啶二盐酸酸水合物

     Chromogenic substrate for monitoring heme peroxidase activity
  12. GC31377 Tofogliflozin hydrate (CSG-452 hydrate)

    托格列净,CSG-452 hydrate

     A potent inhibitor of SGLT2
  13. GC45066 Tosyl Phenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone

    L-1,4'-甲基磺酰基-2-苯基乙基氯甲基酮,L-1-Tosylamido-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone; L-TPCK

     An inhibitor of chymotrypsin-like serine proteases
  14. GC48194 trans-Resveratrol-d4

    trans-Resveratrol-d4; SRT501-d4

     An internal standard for the quantification of trans-resveratrol
  15. GC40736 trans-trismethoxy Resveratrol

    3,4',5-三甲氧基-反-二苯代乙烯,trans-trismethoxy Resveratrol; E-Resveratrol Trimethyl Ether; Tri-O-methylresveratrol

     A stilbene with diverse biological activities
  16. GC48414 Tribuloside (hydrate)

    Kaempferol 3-β-D-(6\-p-coumaroyl)glucoside

     A flavonoid with antibacterial and antioxidant activities
  17. GC40928 Trimethylamine N-oxide

    三甲胺N-氧化物

    A metabolite of choline, phosphatidylcholine, and L-carnitine
  18. GC19457 Trolox

    奎诺二甲基丙烯酸酯

    Vitamin E derivative with antioxidant properties
  19. GC68461 TrxR-IN-5 TrxR-IN-5 (化合物 4f) 是一种有效的 TrxR 硫氧还蛋白还原酶抑制剂，其 IC50 值为 0.16 μM。TrxR-IN-5 增加 ROS 水平，从而产生有效的抗增殖作用。TrxR-IN-5 具有显著的抗肿瘤和抗转移作用。
  20. GC49329 Turkesterone (hydrate) A phytoecdysteroid with diverse biological activities
  21. GC33827 Uric acid

    尿酸

     Uric Acid (2,6,8-Trioxypurine, 2,6,8-Trihydroxypurine, 2,6,8-Trioxopurine), a normal component of urine, is a product of the metabolic breakdown of purine nucleotides.
  22. GC15168 Urolithin A

    尿石素A

    A metabolite of ellagic acid with diverse biological activities
  23. GC60377 Urolithin C

    尿石素C

     UrolithinC，是鞣花酸的多酚类肠道微生物代谢产物，是胰岛素分泌(insulinsecretion)的葡萄糖依赖性激活剂。UrolithinC是一种L型Ca2+通道开放剂，可增强Ca2+的流入。UrolithinC通过线粒体介导的途径诱导细胞凋亡(apoptosis)，并刺激活性氧(ROS)的形成。
  24. GC45131 Urotensin II (human) (trifluoroacetate salt)

    hU II

     A neuropeptide agonist of the urotensin II receptor
  25. GC61371 Veratric acid

    藜芦酸

     Veratricacid(3,4-Dimethoxybenzoicacid)是从蔬菜和水果中得到的多酚物质，可口服，具有抗氧化、保护心血管和抗炎活性。当细胞受到UVB辐射时，Veratricacid能够减少上调的COX-2表达，降低PGE2和IL-6水平。
  26. GC33632 Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid)

    藜芦酸; 3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid

     Veratric acid (3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid), a simple benzoic acid derived from plants and fruits, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, and blood pressure-lowering effects. Veratric acid reduces upregulated COX-2 expression, and levels of PGE2, IL-6 after UVB irradiation.
  27. GC48247 Verrucarin A

    疣孢菌素,Muconomycin A

     A macrocyclic trichothecene with diverse biological activities
  28. GC71872 Verrucarin J Verrucarin J（毛霉素B）是Myrothecium真菌家族的代谢产物。
  29. GC19377 Visomitin

    SKQ1溴化物,SKQ1

     A mitochondrial antioxidant
  30. GC10042 Vitamin E

    天然维生素E

     脂溶性维生素
  31. GC45595 Vulpinic Acid

    吴耳酸

     A lichen metabolite with diverse biological activities
  32. GN10074 Xanthotoxol

    花椒毒醇,8-Hydroxypsoralen

     A coumarin with diverse biological activities
  33. GC64552 XJB-5-131 XJB-5-131 是一种靶向线粒体的 ROS 和电子清除剂。XJB-5-131 是双功能抗氧化剂，包含自由基清除剂。XJB-5-131 是针对线粒体的合成抗氧化剂。XJB-5-131 是有效的脐带血单核细胞 (CB MNC) 电离辐射保护剂和缓和剂。
  34. GC64127 Xylopine

    木番荔枝碱

     Xylopine 是一种阿朴啡生物碱，对癌细胞具有细胞毒活性。Xylopine 诱导氧化应激，导致癌细胞的 G2/M 细胞周期停滞和细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。
  35. GN10650 Ziyuglycoside II

    地榆皂苷II

     Ziyuglycoside II 是一种从地榆中提取的三萜皂苷类化合物。
  36. GC11513 Zofenopril calcium

    佐芬普利钙,SQ26991

     A prodrug form of zofenoprilat
  37. GC20091 α-Arbutin

    α-熊果苷; 4-Hydroxyphenyl α-D-glucopyranoside

     A glycosylated hydroquinone with diverse biological activities

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