Reuterin
(Synonyms: 罗氏菌素,3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde; 3-Hydroxypropanal) 目录号 : GC49790
A bacterial glycerol metabolite with antibacterial activity
Cas No.:2134-29-4
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Reuterin is a glycerol metabolite originally isolated from L. reuteri, a bacteria found in the intestines of humans, that has antibacterial activity.1 It is produced by L. reuteri during exposure to live or UV-killed E. coli.2 Reuterin is active against E. coli and several species of Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Eubacterium (MICs = 1.9-15 mM) as well as C. difficile and B. vulgatus (MICs = <1.9 mM for both).3 It enhances increases in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death induced by vancomycin or metronidazole in C. difficile when used at a concentration of 2.5 mM.4 Reuterin alters the bacterial composition of, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by, the mouse fecal microbiome.5
1.Talarico, T.L., Casas, I.A., Chung, T.C., et al.Production and isolation of reuterin, a growth inhibitor produced by Lactobacillus reuteriAntimicrob. Agents Chemother.32(12)1854-1858(1988) 2.Schaefer, L., Auchtung, T.A., Hermans, K.E., et al.The antimicrobial compound reuterin (3-hydroxypropionaldehyde) induces oxidative stress via interaction with thiol groupsMicrobiology (Reading)156(Pt 6)1589-1599(2010) 3.Cleusix, V., Lacroix, C., Vollenweider, S., et al.Inhibitory activity spectrum of reuterin produced by Lactobacillus reuteri against intestinal bacteriaBMC Microbiol.7101(2007) 4.Engevik, M.A., Danhof, H.A., Shrestha, R., et al.Reuterin disrupts Clostridioides difficile metabolism and pathogenicity through reactive oxygen species generationGut Microbes12(1)1788898(2020) 5.Castellani, C., ObermÜller, B., Kienesberger, B., et al.Production, storage stability, and susceptibility testing of reuterin and its impact on the murine fecal microbiome and volatile organic compound profileFront. Microbiol.12699858(2021)
| Cas No. | 2134-29-4 | SDF | Download SDF |
| 别名 | 罗氏菌素,3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde; 3-Hydroxypropanal | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=CCCO | ||
| 分子式 | C3H6O2 | 分子量 | 74.1 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: 25 mg/mL,DMSO: 20 mg/mL,Ethanol: 16 mg/mL,PBS (pH 7.2): 5 mg/mL | 储存条件 | -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 13.4953 mL | 67.4764 mL | 134.9528 mL |
| 5 mM | 2.6991 mL | 13.4953 mL | 26.9906 mL |
| 10 mM | 1.3495 mL | 6.7476 mL | 13.4953 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Reuterin in the healthy gut microbiome suppresses colorectal cancer growth through altering redox balance
Cancer Cell 2022 Feb 14;40(2):185-200.e6.PMID:34951957DOI:10.1016/j.ccell.2021.12.001.
Microbial dysbiosis is a colorectal cancer (CRC) hallmark and contributes to inflammation, tumor growth, and therapy response. Gut microbes signal via metabolites, but how the metabolites impact CRC is largely unknown. We interrogated fecal metabolites associated with mouse models of colon tumorigenesis with varying mutational load. We find that microbial metabolites from healthy mice or humans are growth-repressive, and this response is attenuated in mice and patients with CRC. Microbial profiling reveals that Lactobacillus reuteri and its metabolite, Reuterin, are downregulated in mouse and human CRC. Reuterin alters redox balance, and reduces proliferation and survival in colon cancer cells. Reuterin induces selective protein oxidation and inhibits ribosomal biogenesis and protein translation. Exogenous Lactobacillus reuteri restricts colon tumor growth, increases tumor reactive oxygen species, and decreases protein translation in vivo. Our findings indicate that a healthy microbiome and specifically, Lactobacillus reuteri, is protective against CRC through microbial metabolite exchange.
Application of the Reuterin System as Food Preservative or Health-Promoting Agent: A Critical Review
Foods 2022 Dec 10;11(24):4000.PMID:36553742DOI:10.3390/foods11244000.
The Reuterin system is a complex multi-component antimicrobial system produced by Limosilactobacillus reuteri by metabolizing glycerol. The system mainly includes 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA, Reuterin), 3-HPA dimer, 3-HPA hydrate, acrolein and 3-hydroxypropionic acid, and has great potential to be applied in the food and medical industries due to its functional versatility. It has been reported that the Reuterin system possesses regulation of intestinal flora and anti-infection, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Typically, the Reuterin system exerts strong broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. However, the antimicrobial mechanism of the Reuterin system remains unclear, and its toxicity is still controversial. This paper presents an updated review on the biosynthesis, composition, biological production, antimicrobial mechanisms, stability, toxicity and potential applications of the Reuterin system. Challenges and opportunities of the use of the Reuterin system as a food preservative or health-promoting agent are also discussed. The present work will allow researchers to accelerate their studies toward solving critical challenges obstructing industrial applications of the Reuterin system.
Bacterial Metabolite Reuterin Attenuated LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Response in HD11 Macrophages
Antioxidants (Basel) 2022 Aug 26;11(9):1662.PMID:36139735DOI:10.3390/antiox11091662.
Reuterin is well-known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial ability, while the other potential bioactivity is not yet clear. The present study aims to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of Reuterin on chicken macrophage HD11 cells for the first time and evaluate whether Reuterin is able to regulate the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory response. The results showed that the safe medication range of Reuterin was less than 250 μM. Reuterin treatment for 6 h decreased the transcriptional of CD86, IL-1β and iNOS and increased the expression of CD206 in a dose-dependent way, but Reuterin treatment for 12 h contrary increased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10. However, it was noticed that Reuterin treatment for 12 h significantly decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressed the phagocytosis activity of HD11 macrophages against bacteria. Further, the results showed that preincubation or coincubation with Reuterin significantly attenuated the promotive effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on transcription of proinflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and obviously inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production as well as the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Meanwhile, Mechanism studies implied that Reuterin might exert an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated cells by downregulating the expression of TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 and blocking the activation of NF-κB as well as MAPKs signaling pathways. Additionally, it was found that both pretreatment and cotreatment with Reuterin remarkably inhibited the oxidative stress induced by LPS stimulation by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and enhancing the activities of antioxidative enzymes. These findings suggested the immunoregulatory function of Reuterin and indicated this bacterial metabolite was able to inhibit the inflammation and oxidative stress of HD11 macrophages once exposed to LPS stimulation.
Reuterin Produced by a Healthy Microbiome Inhibits Colon Cancer Growth
Cancer Discov 2022 Mar 1;12(3):OF3.PMID:34996777DOI:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-RW2022-003.
Lactobacillus reuteri and its metabolite, Reuterin, are reduced in colon cancer and inhibit its growth.
Reuterin Isolated from Lactobacillus reuteri Indonesian Strain Affected Interleukin-8 and Human Beta Defensin-2 on Pathogens Induced-HaCat Cells
Trop Life Sci Res 2022 Jul;33(2):75-90.PMID:35966270DOI:10.21315/tlsr2022.33.2.5.
Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri has positive effects on health through inhibiting pathogenic bacteria and the ability to reduce inflammation. This study investigates the ability of Reuterin isolated from L. reuteri Indonesian strain for increasing mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-8 and human beta-defensin (hBD)-2 gene by epithelial cells, after exposure to oral bacteria. L. reuteri isolated from Indonesian's saliva, and species was confirmed by PCR, using 16S rRNA specific gene. To produce Reuterin, the isolate was mixed in glycerol-containing MRS broth. Reuterin molecule's weight was counted by SDS-PAGE. Streptococcus mutans ATCC-25175 and Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC-33277 were put in water (80°C) for 30 min, and each killed bacterial (107 CFU/mL) was inoculated into HaCat cell line (105 cell/mL). Reuterin was added in different concentrations (100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%) and different incubation time at 37°C, 5% CO2. RNA was extracted, and a reverse transcription procedure was performed to obtain cDNA. Subsequently, a quantitative PCR method was performed to analyse the transcription level of IL-8 and HBD-2 mRNA expressed by inflamed HaCat cells. All results were statistically analysed by ANOVA test. PCR assays showed that clinical isolates were L. reuteri. Quantitative PCR results showed Reuterin decreased the expression of IL-8 and increased the expression of hBD-2 in all concentrations and time periods set in this study (p < 0.05). Reuterin isolated from L. reuteri Indonesian strain increased expression of human beta defensin-2 as antimicrobial peptide and may be useful in combating inflammation.