S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate is a methyl donor and cofactor. It is involved in a variety of biological processes, including epigenetic regulation, post-translational modification of proteins and metabolism. Preparations containing S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate have been used as dietary supplements. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate also exhibits antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic effects in human cancers^[1-2].

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate (300 μM) can regulate the cell cycle progression of Cal-33 and JHU-SCC-011 cells and reduce the expression of cyclins B1, E1, and D1. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate (200 μM and 300 μM) can inhibit the migration of Cal-33 and JHU-SCC-011 cells in a dose-dependent manner after 24 hours and 48 hours, respectively^[2]. The combination of 5‑fluorouracil (5-FU) with 5-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate at 5-40 μg/ml can protect the anticancer effect of 5-FU by regulating the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs)^[3].

In the elevated plus maze test, rats given S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate (100 mg/kg) showed the greatest reduction in transfer latency at day 26, confirming the memory-improving effect of S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate. Animals treated with 100 mg/kg S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate showed decreased malondialdehyde and increased glutathione levels, suggesting that S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate has antioxidant properties in the PTZ-induced rat model. The antioxidant properties of S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate may improve cognitive impairment caused by oxidative stressl^[4]. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate (30 mg/kg) can prevent autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-like behaviors caused by early postnatal valproic acid treatment in rat pups^[5].

References:
[1] Loenen, W.A.M.S-Adenosylmethionine: Jack of all trades and master of everything?Biochem. Soc. Trans.34(2)330-333(2006).
[2] Mosca L, Minopoli M, Pagano M, Vitiello F, Carriero MV, Cacciapuoti G, Porcelli M. Effects of S-adenosyl-L-methionine on the invasion and migration of head and neck squamous cancer cells and analysis of the underlying mechanisms. Int J Oncol. 2020 May;56(5):1212-1224.
[3] Ham MS, et al. S-adenosyl methionine specifically protects the anticancer effect of 5-FU via DNMTs expression in human A549 lung cancer cells. Mol Clin Oncol. 2013 Mar;1(2):373-378.
[4] Dhediya RM, Joshi SS, Gajbhiye SV, Jalgaonkar SV, Biswas M. Evaluation of antiepileptic effect of S-adenosyl methionine and its role in memory impairment in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling model in rats. Epilepsy Behav. 2016 Aug;61:153-157.
[5] Ornoy A, et al. S-adenosyl methionine prevents ASD like behaviors triggered by early postnatal valproic acid exposure in very young mice. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2019 Jan-Feb;71:64-74. 

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate是一种甲基供体和辅因子，它参与多种生物过程，包括表观遗传调控、蛋白质的翻译后修饰和代谢。含有S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate的制剂已被用作膳食补充剂。S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate还在人类癌症中表现出抗增殖、促凋亡和抗转移作用^[1-2]。

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate（300μM）能够调节 Cal-33和JHU-SCC-011细胞周期进程，降低细胞周期蛋白B1、E1和D1的表达。S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate（200 μM和300 μM）能够分别在24小时和48小时后以剂量依赖性方式抑制Cal-33和JHU-SCC-011细胞迁移^[2]。5-40 μg/ ml的S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate与5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）联合使用，可通过调节DNA甲基转移酶（DNMTs）的表达保护5-FU的抗癌作用^[3]。

在高架十字迷宫测试中，给予S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate（100 mg/kg）的大鼠在第26天时表现出最大程度的转移潜伏期缩短，证实了S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate的记忆改善作用。使用100 mg/kg S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate处理的动物表现出丙二醛减少和谷胱甘肽水平升高，这表明在PTZ诱导的大鼠模型中S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate具有抗氧化特性，而S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate的抗氧化特性可能会改善氧化应激导致的认知障碍^[4]。S-Adenosyl-L-methionine disulfate tosylate（30 mg/kg）可预防幼鼠出生后早期丙戊酸处理引起的自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）样行为^[5]。