Safflower yellow
(Synonyms: 红花黄) 目录号 : GC30079
Safflower Yellow (Safflor Yellow, SY), the main active constituent of the traditional Chinese medicine Safflower, is known as a neuroprotective agent that indirectly attenuates neuroinflammation.
Cas No.:1401-20-3
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
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Safflower Yellow (Safflor Yellow, SY), the main active constituent of the traditional Chinese medicine Safflower, is known as a neuroprotective agent that indirectly attenuates neuroinflammation.
Safflor yellow can significantly inhibit endogenous cholesterol synthesis and regulate blood lipids[1].
[1] Bao LD, et al. Genet Mol Res. 2015, 14(2):6270-8.
| Cas No. | 1401-20-3 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 红花黄 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | [Safflower yellow] | ||
| 分子式 | C42H43O22 | 分子量 | 899.78 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : ≥ 39 mg/mL | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C,protect from light,Sealed in dry |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 1.1114 mL | 5.5569 mL | 11.1138 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.2223 mL | 1.1114 mL | 2.2228 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.1111 mL | 0.5557 mL | 1.1114 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Pharmacological Activities of Safflower yellow and Its Clinical Applications
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022 Jun 27;2022:2108557.35795285 PMC9252638
Background: Safflower is an annual herb used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. It consists of the dried flowers of the Compositae plant safflower. It is found in the central inland areas of Asia and is widely cultivated throughout the country. Its resistance to cold weather and droughts and its tolerance and adaptability to salts and alkalis are strong. Safflower has the effect of activating blood circulation, dispersing blood stasis, and relieving pain. A natural pigment named Safflower yellow (SY) can be extracted from safflower petals. Chemically, SY is a water-soluble flavonoid and the main active ingredient of safflower. The main chemical constituents, pharmacological properties, and clinical applications of SY are reviewed in this paper, thereby providing a reference for the use of safflower in preventing and treating human diseases. Methods: The literature published in recent years was reviewed, and the main chemical components of SY were identified based on chemical formula and structure. The pharmacological properties of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), SYA, SYB, and anhydrosafflor yellow B (AHSYB) were reviewed. Results: The main chemical constituents of SY included HSYA, SYA, SYB, and AHSYB. These ingredients have a wide range of pharmacological activities. SY has protective effects on the heart, kidneys, liver, nerves, lungs, and brain. Moreover, its effects include, but are not limited to, improving cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, abirritation, regulating lipids, and treating cancer and diabetic complications. HSYA is widely recognised as an effective ingredient to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Conclusion: SY has a wide range of pharmacological activities, among which improving cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the most significant.
Safflower yellow alleviates osteoarthritis and prevents inflammation by inhibiting PGE2 release and regulating NF-κB/SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathways
Phytomedicine 2020 Nov;78:153305.32871523 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153305
Background: Safflower yellow (SY) is the main active ingredient of safflower, with various pharmacological effects such as anticoagulating, antioxidant, and anti-arthritis effects. Purpose: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and chondrocyte protecting role of SY, which subsequently leads to the inhibition of cartilage degradation. Methods: Rat chondrocytes were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) with or without SY treatment. Following this, CCK-8 assay was performed to detect cytotoxicity. RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the gene/protein expression of typical cartilage matrix genes and related inflammatory markers. Subsequently, EdU assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation. RNA sequencing, online target prediction, and molecular docking were performed to determine the possible molecular targets and pathways. Results: The results showed that SY restored the TNF-α-induced up-regulation of IL-1β, PTGS2, and MMP-13 and down-regulation of COL2A1 and ACAN. Furthermore, it recovered cell proliferation by suppressing TNF-α. Gene expression profiles identified 717 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the cells cultured with or without SY under TNF-α stimulation. After pathway enrichment, PI3K-Akt, TNF, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NF-κB, NOD-like receptor, and Chemokine signaling pathways were notably selected to highlight NFKBIA, CCL5, CCL2, IL6, and TNF as potential targets in osteoarthritis (OA). SY inhibited TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by promoting AMPK phosphorylation along with SIRT1 expression. Further, SY reduced MMP-13 expression and targeted COX-2 for decreasing PGE2 release. In addition, anterior cruciate ligament transection-induced OA was ameliorated by local administration of SY. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that SY protects chondrocytes and inhibits inflammation by regulating the NF-κB/SIRT1/AMPK pathways and ER stress, thus preventing cartilage degeneration in OA.
Safflower yellow for acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Complement Ther Med 2014 Apr;22(2):354-61.24731908 10.1016/j.ctim.2014.01.001
Objectives: Stroke is one of the most common causes of mortality worldwide. Safflower yellow is widely used for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in China. Several trials comparing Safflower yellow and placebo or no intervention were unavailable for prior meta-analysis. Here, we present an updated and expanded systematic review, including four new trials, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Safflower yellow for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biological Medicine Database (CBM), CQVIP Information and Wanfang Database until January 2013. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy and safety of Safflower yellow for acute ischemic stroke were included. Two researchers (Fan, S.Y. and Lin, N.) independently extracted data, assessed the study quality, and selected trials for inclusion. Results: 7 RCTs with 762 participants were included. None of the included studies were of high methodological quality. The meta-analysis showed that Safflower yellow was more effective assessed by neurological improvement rate [odds ratio (OR), 3.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.06-4.68, P<0.05] compared with control group. No death was reported in any of the included studies during the follow up period. Only four trials reported adverse events, and skin rash was observed in the treatment group of one trial. Conclusions: Safflower yellow seems to be effective and safe in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. However, RCTs of high methodological quality are warranted before drawing any conclusion on the efficacy or safety of Safflower yellow for acute ischemic stroke.
Efficacy and Safety of Safflower yellow in Early Diabetic Nephropathy: A Meta-Analysis
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2019 Feb 14;2019:8065376.30894876 PMC6393881
Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease. In order to palliate renal function impairment and reduce kidney related mortality, it is crucial to treating DN patients at the early stage. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of conventional therapy combined with Safflower yellow versus conventional therapy alone in early DN patients. Methods: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared Safflower yellow plus conventional therapy with conventional therapy alone in early DN patients was conducted. Papers were searched using the electronic databases and reference lists. Two reviewers working independently extracted relevant data and carried out risk-of-bias assessments. Statistical analysis was undertaken in Review Manager 5.3. Results: Fourteen trials (1,072 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. Conventional therapy combined with Safflower yellow was associated with a higher effective rate (RD, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.30) and a greater decline in urinary albumin excretion rates (SMD, -1.34; 95% CI, -1.77 to -0.92), fasting blood glucose (MD, -0.57; 95% CI, -0.98 to -0.16), serum creatinine (MD, -12.36; 95% CI, -14.66 to -10.06), and blood urea nitrogen (SMD, -0.93; 95% CI, -1.13 to -0.73) in the subgroup with a follow-up time > 15 days. The incidence of adverse events did not differ significantly between these two regimens (RD, -0.01; 95% CI, -0.03 to 0.01). Findings were similar in the subgroup with a follow-up time < 15 days. Conclusions: Conventional therapy combined with Safflower yellow had a more beneficial effect than conventional therapy alone in early DN patients. There were significant differences in effective rate, urinary albumin excretion rates, fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen between the two regimens and no significant difference in adverse events. More randomized controlled research using standardized protocols would be needed in the future to compare these two regimens.
Retracted: Antitumor Proliferation and Related Mechanism of Ultrasound Irradiation Combined with Safflower yellow
Comput Intell Neurosci 2022 Dec 22;2022:9834235.36590838 PMC9800090
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/5168886.].