SAFit2
目录号 : GC34093
An FKBP51 inhibitor
Cas No.:1643125-33-0
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.50%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Cell experiment: | Primary EDL myotubes are exposed to 0.6 µM SAFit2 or DMSO (vehicle) overnight. The following day, cells are serum-starved in low glucose (1000 mg/L) DMEM for 4 h with SAFit2 or DMSO, and are subsequently collected for the rapid preparation of the plasma membrane fraction. The membrane fraction is used in subsequent Western blot assays for the detection of GLUT4[2]. |
Animal experiment: | Male C57BL/6N mice at the age of 12 to 15 weeks are used. The mice are held under standard conditions (12 h light/dark cycle, lights on at 08:00 A.M.; temperature 23±2°C), are single housed and acclimatized to the room for 2 weeks before the commencing experiments. Food and tap water are available ad libitum. Animals receive a bilateral microinjection into the basolateral amygdala (BLA) (0.5 μL per side) of vehicle or SAFit2 (20 mg/kg BW) 16 h before the start of the test. The effects on anxiety-related behavior is analyzed (n=14 per group) 16 h after the application[3]. |
References: [1]. Gaali S, et al. Rapid, Structure-Based Exploration of Pipecolic Acid Amides as Novel Selective Antagonists of the FK506-Binding Protein 51. J Med Chem. 2016 Mar 24;59(6):2410-22. | |
SAfit2 is a potent inhibitor of FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51; Ki = 6 nM).1 It is highly selective for FKBP51 over FKBP52 (Ki = >50,000 nM) and has increased brain permeability in comparison to SAfit1. SAfit2 (20 mg/kg) enhances HPA axis suppression in mice by decreasing plasma corticosterone levels to a greater extent than in control mice following dexamethasone administration. It also does not increase plasma corticosterone levels as high as in control mice following subsequent administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). It decreases the time spent immobile in the forced swim test and increases the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze, indicating antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like activity, respectfully.2
1.Gaali, S., Kirschner, A., Cuboni, S., et al.Selective inhibitors of the FK506-binding protein 51 by induced fitNat. Chem. Biol.11(1)33-37(2015) 2.Hartmann, J., Wagner, K.V., Gaali, S., et al.Pharmacological inhibition of the psychiatric risk factor FKBP51 has anxiolytic propertiesJ. Neurosci.35(24)9007-9016(2015)
| Cas No. | 1643125-33-0 | SDF | |
| Canonical SMILES | O=C(N1[C@@H](CCCC1)C(O[C@@H](C2=CC(OCCN3CCOCC3)=CC=C2)CCC4=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C4)=O)[C@@H](C5CCCCC5)C6=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C6 | ||
| 分子式 | C46H62N2O10 | 分子量 | 802.99 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : 125 mg/mL (155.67 mM);Water : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 1.2453 mL | 6.2267 mL | 12.4535 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.2491 mL | 1.2453 mL | 2.4907 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.1245 mL | 0.6227 mL | 1.2453 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
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| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
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SAFit2 reduces neuroinflammation and ameliorates nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain
J Neuroinflammation 2022 Oct 10;19(1):254.PMID:36217203DOI:10.1186/s12974-022-02615-7.
Background: Neuropathic pain is experienced worldwide by patients suffering from nerve injuries, infectious or metabolic diseases or chemotherapy. However, the treatment options are still limited because of low efficacy and sometimes severe side effects. Recently, the deficiency of FKBP51 was shown to relieve chronic pain, revealing FKBP51 as a potential therapeutic target. However, a specific and potent FKBP51 inhibitor was not available until recently which hampered targeting of FKBP51. Methods: In this study, we used the well-established and robust spared nerve injury model to analyze the effect of SAFit2 on nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain and to elucidate its pharmacodynamics profile. Therefore, the mice were treated with 10 mg/kg SAFit2 after surgery, the mice behavior was assessed over 21 days and biochemical analysis were performed after 14 and 21 days. Furthermore, the impact of SAFit2 on sensory neurons and macrophages was investigated in vitro. Results: Here, we show that the FKBP51 inhibitor SAFit2 ameliorates nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain in vivo by reducing neuroinflammation. SAFit2 reduces the infiltration of immune cells into neuronal tissue and counteracts the increased NF-κB pathway activation which leads to reduced cytokine and chemokine levels in the DRGs and spinal cord. In addition, SAFit2 desensitizes the pain-relevant TRPV1 channel and subsequently reduces the release of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides from sensory neurons. Conclusions: SAFit2 ameliorates neuroinflammation and counteracts enhanced neuronal activity after nerve injury leading to an amelioration of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. Based on these findings, SAFit2 constitutes as a novel and promising drug candidate for the treatment of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain.
Modulating FKBP5/FKBP51 and autophagy lowers HTT (huntingtin) levels
Autophagy 2021 Dec;17(12):4119-4140.PMID:34024231DOI:10.1080/15548627.2021.1904489.
Current disease-modifying therapies for Huntington disease (HD) focus on lowering mutant HTT (huntingtin; mHTT) levels, and the immunosuppressant drug rapamycin is an intriguing therapeutic for aging and neurological disorders. Rapamycin interacts with FKBP1A/FKBP12 and FKBP5/FKBP51, inhibiting the MTORC1 complex and increasing cellular clearance mechanisms. Whether the levels of FKBP (FK506 binding protein) family members are altered in HD models and if these proteins are potential therapeutic targets for HD have not been investigated. Here, we found levels of FKBP5 are significantly reduced in HD R6/2 and zQ175 mouse models and human HD isogenic neural stem cells and medium spiny neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, FKBP5 interacts and colocalizes with HTT in the striatum and cortex of zQ175 mice and controls. Importantly, when we decreased FKBP5 levels or activity by genetic or pharmacological approaches, we observed reduced levels of mHTT in our isogenic human HD stem cell model. Decreasing FKBP5 levels by siRNA or pharmacological inhibition increased LC3-II levels and macroautophagic/autophagic flux, suggesting autophagic cellular clearance mechanisms are responsible for mHTT lowering. Unlike rapamycin, the effect of pharmacological inhibition with SAFit2, an inhibitor of FKBP5, is MTOR independent. Further, in vivo treatment for 2 weeks with SAFit2, results in reduced HTT levels in both HD R6/2 and zQ175 mouse models. Our studies establish FKBP5 as a protein involved in the pathogenesis of HD and identify FKBP5 as a potential therapeutic target for HD.Abbreviations : ACTB/β-actin: actin beta; AD: Alzheimer disease; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BCA: bicinchoninic acid; BBB: blood brain barrier; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CoIP: co-immunoprecipitation; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; DTT: dithiothreitol; FKBPs: FK506 binding proteins; HD: Huntington disease; HTT: huntingtin; iPSC: induced pluripotent stem cells; MAP1LC3/LC3:microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPT/tau: microtubule associated protein tau; MES: 2-ethanesulfonic acid; MOPS: 3-(N-morphorlino)propanesulfonic acid); MSN: medium spiny neurons; mHTT: mutant huntingtin; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NSC: neural stem cells; ON: overnight; PD: Parkinson disease; PPIase: peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans-isomerases; polyQ: polyglutamine; PPP1R1B/DARPP-32: protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B; PTSD: post-traumatic stress disorder; RT: room temperature; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; TBST:Tris-buffered saline, 0.1% Tween 20; TUBA: tubulin; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VCL: vinculin; WT: littermate controls.
Analysis of the Selective Antagonist SAFit2 as a Chemical Probe for the FK506-Binding Protein 51
ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023 Feb 14;6(3):361-371.PMID:PMC10012253DOI:10.1021/acsptsci.2c00234.
The FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) has emerged as an important regulator of the mammalian stress response and is involved in persistent pain states and metabolic pathways. The FK506 analog SAFit2 (short for selective antagonist of FKBP51 by induced fit) was the first potent and selective FKBP51 ligand with an acceptable pharmacokinetic profile. At present, SAFit2 represents the gold standard for FKBP51 pharmacology and has been extensively used in numerous biological studies. Here we review the current knowledge on SAFit2 as well as guidelines for its use.
The FKBP51 Inhibitor SAFit2 Restores the Pain-Relieving C16 Dihydroceramide after Nerve Injury
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Nov 17;23(22):14274.PMID:36430751DOI:10.3390/ijms232214274.
Neuropathic pain is a pathological pain state with a broad symptom scope that affects patients after nerve injuries, but it can also arise after infections or exposure to toxic substances. Current treatment possibilities are still limited because of the low efficacy and severe adverse effects of available therapeutics, highlighting an emerging need for novel analgesics and for a detailed understanding of the pathophysiological alterations in the onset and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Here, we show that the novel and highly specific FKBP51 inhibitor SAFit2 restores lipid signaling and metabolism in nervous tissue after nerve injury. More specifically, we identify that SAFit2 restores the levels of the C16 dihydroceramide, which significantly reduces the sensitization of the pain-mediating TRPV1 channel and subsequently the secretion of the pro-inflammatory neuropeptide CGRP in primary sensory neurons. Furthermore, we show that the C16 dihydroceramide is capable of reducing acute thermal hypersensitivity in a capsaicin mouse model. In conclusion, we report for the first time the C16 dihydroceramide as a novel and crucial lipid mediator in the context of neuropathic pain as it has analgesic properties, contributing to the pain-relieving properties of SAFit2.
The selective FKBP51 inhibitor SAFit2 reduces alcohol consumption and reinstatement of conditioned alcohol effects in mice
Addict Biol 2020 May;25(3):e12758.PMID:31173432DOI:10.1111/adb.12758.
There is still no widely effective pharmacotherapy for alcohol addiction available in the clinic. FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) is a negative regulator of the glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway that regulates the stress-induced glucocorticoid feedback circuit. Here we asked whether selective inhibitors of FKBP51, exemplified by SAFit2, may serve as a new pharmacological strategy to reduce alcohol consumption and conditioned alcohol effects in a mouse model. We report that a relatively short treatment with SAFit2 (20 mg/kg, ip) reduces ongoing 16 vol% alcohol consumption when administered during free access to alcohol in a two-bottle free-choice test. SAFit2 was also able to reduce alcohol consumption when given during an abstinence period immediately before relapse. In contrast, SAFit2 did not affect alcohol consumption when given during a relapse period after repeated withdrawal from alcohol. SAFit2 (10 and 20 mg/kg, ip) showed no effects when used in an intermittent drinking schedule. When 20 vol% alcohol was only available every other day, SAFit2 had no effect on drinking, no matter whether given during a drinking episode or the day before. SAFit2 (2 and 20 mg/kg, ip) did not affect the expression of an alcohol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). However, SAFit2 was able to inhibit alcohol-induced reinstatement of an extinguished CPP in a dose-dependent way. Altogether, these data may suggest pharmacological inhibition of FKBP51 as a viable strategy to reduce alcohol seeking and consumption.