SD-208

Kinase experiment:

Various kinase activities are assayed by measuring the incorporation of radiolabeled ATP into a peptide or protein substrate. The reactions are performed in 96-well plates and included the relevant kinase, substrate, ATP, and appropriate cofactors. The reactions are incubated and then stopped by the addition of phosphoric acid. Substrate is captured onto a phosphocellulose filter, which is washed free of unreacted ATP. The counts incorporated are determined by counting on a microplate scintillation counter. The ability of SD-208 to inhibit the respective kinase is determined by comparing counts incorporated in the presence of compound with those incorporated in the absence of compound.

Cell experiment:

Glioma cells are cultured in the absence or presence of SD-208 (1 μM) for 48 hours. The cells are pulsed for the last 24 hours with [methyl-3H]thymidine (0.5 μCi) and harvested, and incorporated radioactivity is determined in a liquid scintillation counter.

Animal experiment:

VM/Dk mice are purchased from the TSE Resource Center. Mice of 6 to 12 weeks of age are used for the survival experiments. Groups of eight mice are anesthesized before all intracranial procedures and placed in a stereotaxic fixation device. A burr hole is drilled in the skull 2 mm lateral to the bregma. The needle of a Hamilton syringe is introduced to a depth of 3 mm. SMA-560 cells [5×103cells] resuspended in a volume of 2 μL of PBS are injected into the right striatum. Three days later, the mice are allowed to drink SD-208 at 1 mg/mL in deionized water. The mice are observed daily and, in the survival experiments, sacrificed on development of neurologic symptoms.

References:

[1]. Uhl M, et al. SD-208, a novel transforming growth factor beta receptor I kinase inhibitor, inhibits growth and invasiveness and enhances immunogenicity of murine and human glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res. 2004 Nov 1;64(21):7954-61.
[2]. Ge R, et al. Inhibition of growth and metastasis of mouse mammary carcinoma by selective inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor kinase in vivo. Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Jul 15;12(14 Pt 1):4315-30.
[3]. Sun Y, et al. Inhibition of intimal hyperplasia in murine aortic allografts by the oral administration of the transforming growth factor-beta receptor I kinase inhibitor SD-208. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2014 Jun;33(6):654-61.