Spinetoram
(Synonyms: XDE-175-J/XDE-175-L) 目录号 : GC44937An insecticide
Cas No.:935545-74-7
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >95.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Spinetoram is an insecticide and a semisynthetic derivative of the insecticide spinosad . Spinetoram is a mixture of 3'-ethyl-5,6-dihydrospinosyn J and 3'-ethoxy-spinosyn L . It induces mortality in H. armigera third, fourth, and fifth instar larvae when administered in the diet at 0.19 and 0.36 mg/kg and decreases pupal survival and adult emergence in surviving larvae. It also induces mortality of wild-type D. melanogaster but not D. melanogaster containing a genetic mutation in the Dα6 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR; LC50s = 0.025 and 4.4 µg/cm2, respectively, administered in the diet). Formulations containing spinetoram have been used as insecticides in agriculture.
| Cas No. | 935545-74-7 | SDF | |
| 别名 | XDE-175-J/XDE-175-L | ||
| 分子式 | C42H69NO10•C43H69NO10 | 分子量 | 1508 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: 30 mg/ml,DMSO: 5 mg/ml,Ethanol: 30 mg/ml,Ethanol:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:3): 0.25 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 0.6631 mL | 3.3156 mL | 6.6313 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.1326 mL | 0.6631 mL | 1.3263 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.0663 mL | 0.3316 mL | 0.6631 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Spinetoram resistance drives interspecific competition between Megalurothrips usitatus and Frankliniella intonsa
Pest Manag Sci 2022 Jun;78(6):2129-2140.PMID:35170208DOI:10.1002/ps.6839.
Background: Species displacement by the outcome of interspecific competition is of particular importance to pest management. Over the past decade, Spinetoram has been extensively applied in control of the two closely related thrips Megalurothrips usitatus and Frankliniella intonsa worldwide, while whether its resistance is implicated in mediating interspecific interplay of the two thrips remains elusive to date. Results: Field population dynamics (from 2017 to 2019) demonstrated a trend toward displacement of F. intonsa by M. usitatus on cowpea crops, supporting an existing interspecific competition. Following exposure to Spinetoram, M. usitatus became the predominate species, which suggests the use of Spinetoram appears to be responsible for mediating interspecific interactions of the two thrips. Further annual and seasonal analysis (from 2016 to 2020) of field-evolved resistance dynamics revealed that M. usitatus developed remarkably higher resistance to Spinetoram compared to that of F. intonsa, implying a close relationship between evolution of Spinetoram resistance and their competitive interactions. After 12 generations of laboratory selection, resistance to Spinetoram in M. usitatus and F. intonsa increased up to 64.50-fold and 28.33-fold, and the average realized heritability (h2 ) of resistance was calculated as 0.2550 and 0.1602, respectively. Interestingly, two-sex life table analysis showed that the spinetoram-resistant strain of F. intonsa exhibited existing fitness costs, but not the M. usitatus. These indicate that a rapid development of Spinetoram resistance and the lack of associated fitness costs may be the mechanism underlying recent dominance of M. usitatus over F. intonsa. Conclusion: Collectively, our results uncover the involvement of insecticide resistance in conferring displacement mechanism behind interspecific competition, providing a framework for understanding the significance of the evolutionary relationships among insects under ongoing changing environments. These findings also can be invaluable in proposing the most appropriate strategies for sustainable thrips control programs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The spinosyns, spinosad, Spinetoram, and synthetic spinosyn mimics - discovery, exploration, and evolution of a natural product chemistry and the impact of computational tools
Pest Manag Sci 2021 Aug;77(8):3637-3649.PMID:32893433DOI:10.1002/ps.6073.
Natural products (NPs) have long been a source of insecticidal crop protection products. Like many macrolide NPs, the spinosyns originated from a soil inhibiting microorganism (Saccharopolyspora spinosa). More than 20 years after initial registration, the spinosyns remain a unique class of NP-based insect control products that presently encompass two insecticidal active ingredients, spinosad, a naturally occurring mixture of spinosyns, and Spinetoram, a semi-synthetic spinosyn product. The exploration and exploitation of the spinosyns has, unusually, been tied to an array of computational tools including artificial intelligence (AI)-based quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) and most recently computer-aided modeling and design (CAMD). The AI-based QSAR directly lead to the discovery of Spinetoram, while the CAMD studies have recently resulted in the discovery and building of a series of synthetic spinosyn mimics. The most recent of these synthetic spinosyn mimics show promise as insecticides targeting lepidopteran insect pests as demonstrated by field studies wherein the efficacy has been shown to be comparable to spinosad and Spinetoram. These and a range of other aspects related to the exploration of the spinosyns over the past 30 years are reviewed herein. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Combined effects of the pesticide Spinetoram and the cyanobacterium Microcystis on the water flea Daphnia pulex
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022 Jul;29(31):47148-47158.PMID:35175534DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-18617-0.
Spinetoram is one of the most worldwidely used pesticides for its high insecticidal efficacy and low human toxicity. Following the large usage of Spinetoram, the ecotoxicity and environmental risks to aquatic ecosystems have call for urgent study. In the present study, we investigated the combined effects of Spinetoram and the harmful alga Microcystis aeruginosa in freshwater, on survival and reproduction of Daphnia pulex. Acute toxicity test of Spinetoram resulted in negative effects on survival, with a 48-h LC50 value of 37.71 μg L-1. Under the long-time exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.18 and 0.35 μg L-1) of Spinetoram and a low composition of Microcystis (30%) in the diet, D. pulex showed both shorter longevity and lower fecundity; the time to first brood also increased. At population level, carrying capacity was highly decreased by Spinetoram and Microcystis, whereas a significant decrease of intrinsic growth rate was observed at 0.35 μg L-1 Spinetoram with 30% Microcystis as food. The present study highlighted that pesticide Spinetoram had highly toxic effects on D. pulex and could reduce the tolerance of D. pulex to M. aeruginosa, causing great effects on D. pulex population in natural waterbodies.
Natural product derived insecticides: discovery and development of Spinetoram
J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2016 Mar;43(2-3):185-93.PMID:26582335DOI:10.1007/s10295-015-1710-x.
This review highlights the importance of natural product research and industrial microbiology for product development in the agricultural industry, based on examples from Dow AgroSciences. It provides an overview of the discovery and development of Spinetoram, a semisynthetic insecticide derived by a combination of a genetic block in a specific O-methylation of the rhamnose moiety of spinosad coupled with neural network-based QSAR and synthetic chemistry. It also emphasizes the key role that new technologies and multidisciplinary approaches play in the development of current Spinetoram production strains.
Spinetoram confers its cytotoxic effects by inducing AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy and oxidative DNA damage
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019 Nov 15;183:109480.PMID:31382115DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109480.
Spinetoram is one of the most extensively used bio-pesticide in the world. The effects of pesticide in human health are mainly caused by its residue in food. The liver is the direct target of pesticides exposure, however the study of cytotoxicity on human liver cells caused by Spinetoram remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of the Spinetoram in human liver cells in vitro. We demonstrated that Spinetoram could inhibit the proliferation of human liver HepG2 cells and induce the oxidative DNA damage. Intracellular biochemical assay indicated that decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, LC3-II conversion, accumulation of Beclin-1, degradation of p62 and the changes in the phosphorylation of AMPK, mTOR are contributed to the toxic effects of Spinetoram on HepG2 cells. These results showed that the cytotoxicity of Spinetoram may be associated with the activity of AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy pathway. Meanwhile, the generation of 8-oxodG caused by the Spinetoram suggested it has a potential genotoxic effect on human liver cells. We conclude that Spinetoram has a significant cytotoxic effect by inducing AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy and oxidative DNA damage. This study would provide a theoretical basis for understanding its mechanisms of toxicity and supply an indication for recognizing the safety of Spinetoram to human beings.