SR-3306
目录号 : GC30864
SR-3306是一种有效的可渗透脑的选择性JNK抑制剂。
Cas No.:1128096-91-2
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >99.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
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Cell experiment: | H9c2 cells and primary human cardiomyocytes are grown under normal cell culture conditions (37 °C and 5% CO2) in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and penicillin/streptomycin. To assure that the cells are actively growing, only cells at ~80% confluency and between passages 5 and 15 are used in our experiments. H9c2 cells and primary human cardiomyocytes are exposed to 500 nM SR-3306, 500 nM SR-3562, 0.01% DMSO vehicle control, 10 μM Tat-SabKIM1, and 10 μM Tat-scramble for 30 min prior to the addition of stress. To induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in H9c2 cells and primary human cardiomyocytes, 100 μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)/FeSO4 or 100 μM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)/FeSO4 is added directly to the media of the cells. The cells are exposed to H2O2/FeSO4 for the times indicated in the experiments[2]. |
Animal experiment: | Rats[1]Four Sprague-Dawley rats are used. SR-3306 is dosed at 2.5 or 10 mg/kg in subcutaneous minipumps at a rate of 5 μL/h, and after 24 h on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, and 14 blood, and day 14 brain are collected. Plasma is generated, and the samples are frozen at -80 °C. The plasma and brain are mixed with Acetonitrile (1:5 v/v or 1:5 w/v, respectively). The brain sample is sonicated with a probe tip sonicator to break up the tissue, and samples are analyzed for compound levels by LC-MS/MS. Plasma compound levels are determined against standards made in plasma and brain levels against standards made in blank brain matrix[1].Mice[3]Male, lean or DIO C57BL/6 mice are used. The mice are trained to scheduled, daily, 2-hour water access during the light for 2 weeks. On the first day of the conditioned taste aversion (CTA) test, the trained mice are given a novel 0.15% saccharin solution to drink for the first 50 minutes, and are then given an i.p. injection of SR-3306 (30 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg) or the vehicle. The injected mice are then provided water for the remaining 70 min. The next day, the mice are allowed to choose between water and 0.15% saccharin for 50 min. Fluid consumption is calculated[3]. |
References: [1]. Crocker CE, et al. JNK Inhibition Protects Dopamine Neurons and Provides Behavioral Improvement in a Rat 6-hydroxydopamine Model of Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2011 Apr 20;2(4):207-212. | |
SR-3306 is a selective, potent, highly brain penetrant JNK inhibitor.
The effect of SR-3306 or Tat-Sab on cell viability in response to oxidative stress is measured by an MTT assay. H9c2 cells treated with 100 μM H2O2/FeSO4 are ~40% viable, whereas the addition of 500 nM SR-3306 or 500 nM SR3562 to cells treated with 100 μM H2O2/FeSO4 increases viability to ~90%, and the addition of 10 μM Tat-Sab peptide to cells treated with 100 μM H2O2/FeSO4 increases viability to ~70% compared with 98% viability in untreated cells. Similar results are found for primary human cardiomyocytes [2].
Administration of SR-3306 [10 mg/kg/day (s.c.) for 14 days] increases the number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH+) neurons in the SNpc by 6-fold and reduces the loss of the TH+ terminals in the striatum relative to the corresponding side of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats that receive only vehicle (p<0.05). In addition, SR-3306 [10 mg/kg/day (s.c.) for 14 days] decreases d-amphetamine-induced circling by 87% compared to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned animals given vehicle. Steady-state brain levels of SR-3306 at day 14 are 347 nM, which is approximately 2-fold higher than the cell-based IC50 for this compound. Finally, immunohistochemical staining for phospho-c-jun (p-c-jun) reveals that SR-3306 [10 mg/kg/day (s.c.) for 14 days] produces a 2.3-fold reduction of the number of immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) relative to vehicle treated rats[1]. In lean mice, intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of SR-3306 reduces food intake and body weight. Moreover, i.p. and i.c.v. administrations of SR11935 exert similar anorectic effects as SR3306, which suggests JNK2 or JNK3 mediates aspect of the anorectic effect by pan-JNK inhibition. Furthermore, daily i.p. injection of SR-3306 (7 days) prevents the increases in food intake and weight gain in lean mice upon high-fat diet feeding, and this injection paradigm reduced high-fat intake and obesity in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice[3].
[1]. Crocker CE, et al. JNK Inhibition Protects Dopamine Neurons and Provides Behavioral Improvement in a Rat 6-hydroxydopamine Model of Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2011 Apr 20;2(4):207-212. [2]. Chambers JW, et al. Inhibition of JNK mitochondrial localization and signaling is protective against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J Biol Chem. 2013 Feb 8;288(6):4000-11. [3]. Gao S, et al. Pharmacological Inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Reduces Food Intake and Sensitizes Leptin's Anorectic Signaling Actions. Sci Rep. 2017 Feb 6;7:41795.
| Cas No. | 1128096-91-2 | SDF | |
| Canonical SMILES | CC(C=C1)=NC=C1C2=NN(C=N2)C3=CC=C(NC4=NC=CC(C5=CC=CC(N6CCOCC6)=C5)=N4)C=C3 | ||
| 分子式 | C28H26N8O | 分子量 | 490.56 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : 125 mg/mL (254.81 mM);Water : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.0385 mL | 10.1924 mL | 20.3849 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4077 mL | 2.0385 mL | 4.077 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2038 mL | 1.0192 mL | 2.0385 mL |
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动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
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| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
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2.
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c-Jun N-Terminal Kinases (JNKs) in Myocardial and Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
In this article, we review the literature regarding the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) in cerebral and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Numerous studies demonstrate that JNK-mediated signaling pathways play an essential role in cerebral and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. JNK-associated mechanisms are involved in preconditioning and post-conditioning of the heart and the brain. The literature and our own studies suggest that JNK inhibitors may exert cardioprotective and neuroprotective properties. The effects of modulating the JNK-depending pathways in the brain and the heart are reviewed. Cardioprotective and neuroprotective mechanisms of JNK inhibitors are discussed in detail including synthetic small molecule inhibitors (AS601245, SP600125, IQ-1S, and SR-3306), ion channel inhibitor GsMTx4, JNK-interacting proteins, inhibitors of mixed-lineage kinase (MLK) and MLK-interacting proteins, inhibitors of glutamate receptors, nitric oxide (NO) donors, and anesthetics. The role of JNKs in ischemia/reperfusion injury of the heart in diabetes mellitus is discussed in the context of comorbidities. According to reviewed literature, JNKs represent promising therapeutic targets for protection of the brain and the heart against ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction, respectively. However, different members of the JNK family exert diverse physiological properties which may not allow for systemic administration of non-specific JNK inhibitors for therapeutic purposes. Currently available candidate JNK inhibitors with high therapeutic potential are identified. The further search for selective JNK3 inhibitors remains an important task.
JNK Inhibition Protects Dopamine Neurons and Provides Behavioral Improvement in a Rat 6-hydroxydopamine Model of Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) results from the loss of dopamine neurons located in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) that project to the striatum. A therapeutic has yet to be identified that halts this neurodegenerative process, and as such, development of a brain penetrant small molecule neuroprotective agent would represent a significant advancement in the treatment of the disease. To fill this void we developed an aminopyrimidine JNK inhibitor (SR-3306) that reduced the loss of dopaminergic cell bodies in the SNpc and their terminals in the striatum produced by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the nigrostriatal pathway. Administration of SR-3306 [10 mg/kg/day (s.c.) for 14 days] increased the number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH(+)) neurons in the SNpc by six-fold and reduced the loss of the TH(+) terminals in the striatum relative to the corresponding side of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats that received only vehicle (p<0.05). In addition, SR-3306 [10 mg/kg/day (s.c.) for 14 days] decreased d-amphetamine-induced circling by 87% compared to 6-OHDA-lesioned animals given vehicle. Steady-state brain levels of SR-3306 at day 14 were 347 nM, which was approximately two-fold higher than the cell-based IC(50) for this compound. Finally, immunohistochemical staining for phospho-c-jun (p-c-jun) revealed that SR-3306 [10 mg/kg/day (s.c.) for 14 days] produced a 2.3-fold reduction of the number of immunoreactive neurons in the SNpc relative to vehicle treated rats. Collectively, these data suggest that orally bioavailable JNK inhibitors may be useful neuroprotective agents for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Inhibition of JNK mitochondrial localization and signaling is protective against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats
To build upon recent findings that mitochondrial JNK signaling is inhibited by selectively blocking the interaction between JNK and Sab, we utilized a cell-permeable peptide to demonstrate that ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury could be protected in vivo and that JNK mitochondrial signaling was the mechanism by which reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cardiomyocyte cell death occur. We also demonstrated that 5 mg/kg SR-3306 (a selective JNK inhibitor) was able to protect against I/R injury, reducing infarct volume by 34% (p < 0.05) while also decreasing I/R-induced increases in the activity of creatine phosphokinase and creatine kinase-MB. TUNEL staining showed that the percent TUNEL positive nuclei in rat hearts increased 10-fold after I/R injury and that this was reduced 4-fold (p < 0.01) by SR-3306. These data suggest that blocking JNK mitochondrial translocation or JNK inhibition prevents ROS increases and mitochondrial dysfunction and may be an effective treatment for I/R-induced cardiomyocyte death.
Pharmacological Inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Reduces Food Intake and Sensitizes Leptin's Anorectic Signaling Actions
The role for c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) in the control of feeding and energy balance is not well understood. Here, by use of novel and highly selective JNK inhibitors, we investigated the actions of JNK in the control of feeding and body weight homeostasis. In lean mice, intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of SR-3306, a brain-penetrant and selective pan-JNK (JNK1/2/3) inhibitor, reduced food intake and body weight. Moreover, i.p. and i.c.v. administrations of SR11935, a brain-penetrant and JNK2/3 isoform-selective inhibitor, exerted similar anorectic effects as SR3306, which suggests JNK2 or JNK3 mediates aspect of the anorectic effect by pan-JNK inhibition. Furthermore, daily i.p. injection of SR3306 (7 days) prevented the increases in food intake and weight gain in lean mice upon high-fat diet feeding, and this injection paradigm reduced high-fat intake and obesity in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. In the DIO mice, JNK inhibition sensitized leptin's anorectic effect, and enhanced leptin-induced STAT3 activation in the hypothalamus. The underlying mechanisms likely involve the downregulation of SOCS3 by JNK inhibition. Collectively, our data suggest that JNK activity promotes positive energy balance, and the therapeutic intervention inhibiting JNK activities represents a promising approach to ameliorate diet-induced obesity and leptin resistance.
Small Molecules Identified from a Quantitative Drug Combinational Screen Resensitize Cisplatin's Response in Drug-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells
Drug resistance to chemotherapy occurs in many ovarian cancer patients resulting in failure of treatment. Exploration of drug resistance mechanisms and identification of new therapeutics that overcome the drug resistance can improve patient prognosis. Following a quantitative combination screen of 6060 approved drugs and bioactive compounds in a cisplatin-resistant A2780-cis ovarian cancer cell line, 38 active compounds with IC50s under 1 μM suppressed the growth of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Among these confirmed compounds, CUDC-101, OSU-03012, oligomycin A, VE-821, or Torin2 in a combination with cisplatin restored cisplatin's apoptotic response in the A2780-cis cells, while SR-3306, GSK-923295, SNX-5422, AT-13387, and PF-05212384 directly suppressed the growth of A2780-cis cells. One of the mechanisms for overcoming cisplatin resistance in these cells is mediated by the inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), though not all the EGFR inhibitors are equally active. The increased levels of total EGFR and phosphorylated-EGFR (p-EGFR) in the A2780-cis cells were reduced after the combined treatment of cisplatin with EGFR inhibitors. In addition, a knockdown of EGFR mRNA reduced cisplatin resistance in the A2780-cis cells. Therefore, the top active compounds identified in this work can be studied further as potential treatments for cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer. The quantitative combinational screening approach is a useful method for identifying effective compounds and drug combinations against drug-resistant cancer cells.