Tauro-β-muricholic Acid (sodium salt)

Tauro-β-muricholic acid (TβMCA) is a competitive and reversible antagonist of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR; IC50 = 40 µM) and a taurine-conjugated form of the murine-specific primary bile acid β-muricholic acid.[1] TβMCA accumulates in germ-free mice under normal conditions but is reduced after colonization with feces from a human donor.[1],[2] TβMCA is increased in the intestines of mice resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity, fatty liver, and diabetes.[3]

Reference:
1. Sayin, S.I., Wahlström, A., Felin, J., et al. Gut microbiota regulates bile acid metabolism by reducing the levels of tauro-beta-muricholic acid, a naturally occurring FXR antagonist. Cell Metab. 17(2), 225-235 (2013).
2. Wahlström, A., Kovatcheva-Datchary, P., Ståhlman, M., et al. Induction of farnesoid X receptor signaling in germ-free mice colonized with a human microbiota. J. Lipid. Res. 58(2), 412-419 (2017).
3. Qi, Y., Jiang, C., Cheng, J., et al. Bile acid signaling in lipid metabolism: Metabolomic and lipidomic analysis of lipid and bile acid markers linked to anti-obesity and anti-diabetes in mice. Biochim Biophys. Acta. 1851(1), 19-29 (2015).