Temanogrel (APD791)
(Synonyms: APD791) 目录号 : GC30826
Temanogrel (APD791) 是一种高度选择性的 5-HT2A 受体拮抗剂，Ki 为 4.9 nM。
Cas No.:887936-68-7
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >98.50%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Cell experiment: | To provide further insights into the effect of Temanogrel on platelet-dependent clot formation in models devoid of vascular smooth muscle, two in vitro post hoc experiments are performed. Paired aliquots of heparinized whole blood are incubated with Temanogrel (100 nM) or vehicle for 10 min at 37°C, and then placed in a thromboelastogram (TEG) pin-and-cup system with 10 µm serotonin, reptilase, and activated factor XIII (n=3 paired samples). The maximum amplitude of torsion is quantified for all samples. Aliquots of citrated blood (n=3 pairs) are incubated with Temanogrel (100 nM) or vehicle for 10 min at 37°C, and then pipetted into collagen-ADP cartridges. For each sample, the time (in seconds) required for the complete platelet-mediated thrombotic occlusion of the membrane aperture is recorded[2]. |
Animal experiment: | in vivo study.--> Adult male beagle dogs (n=3) are used and receive a single oral gavage dose of Temanogrel at 10 mg/kg. Temanogrel is formulated in sterile water at 5 mL/kg. Animals are fasted before Temanogrel delivery. Serial sampling is used to obtain plasma concentration versus time profiles. Whole blood samples are collected via jugular vein venipuncture over a 24-h period. Plasma is prepared by centrifugation from sodium heparin-treated whole blood, frozen, and stored at approximately -20°C until bioanalytical analysis[3]. |
References: [1]. Xiong Y, et al. Discovery and structure-activity relationship of 3-methoxy-N-(3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)benzamide (APD791): a highly selective 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptor inverse agonist for the treatment of arterial thrombosis. J Med Chem. 2010 Jun 10;53(11):4412-21. | |
Temanogrel is a highly selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist with a Ki of 4.9 nM.
Temanogrel is a highly selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist with a Ki of 4.9 nM. Temanogrel inhibits inositol phosphate accumulation with an IC50 of 5.2 nM. Temanogrel exhibits potent inhibition of serotonin mediated amplification of ADP-stimulated human and dog platelet aggregation (IC50=8.7 and 23.1 nM, respectively)[1]. Pretreatment of aortic rings with Temanogrel prevents the vasoconstriction caused by 20 μM 5-HT in a concentration-dependent manner. Preincubation with Temanogrel also significantly inhibits the 5-HT-stimulated DNA synthesis with an IC50 of 13±7 nM[3].
There are no differences in heart rate or mean arterial pressure between saline-treated and Temanogrel-treated groups at any time during the experiment (that is, for mean arterial pressure, P=0.508 between groups, and P=0.540 for group-time interaction). In dogs assigned to receive Temanogrel, plasma Temanogrel levels show a rapid and sustained increase, averaging 25.5±4.1, 28.7±4.6 and 31.2±4.5 ng/mL, respectively, at 10 min, 1.25 h and 2.25 h after the start of treatment[3].
[1]. Xiong Y, et al. Discovery and structure-activity relationship of 3-methoxy-N-(3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)benzamide (APD791): a highly selective 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptor inverse agonist for the treatment of arterial thrombosis. J Med Chem. 2010 Jun 10;53(11):4412-21. [2]. Przyklenk K, et al. Targeted inhibition of the serotonin 5HT2A receptor improves coronary patency in an in vivo model of recurrent thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2010 Feb;8(2):331-40. [3]. Adams JW, et al. APD791, 3-methoxy-n-(3-(1-methyl-1h-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)benzamide, a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor antagonist: pharmacological profile, pharmacokinetics, platelet activity and vascular biology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 Oct;331(1):96-103.
| Cas No. | 887936-68-7 | SDF | |
| 别名 | APD791 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CN1C(C2=C(OCCN3CCOCC3)C=CC(NC(C4=CC=CC(OC)=C4)=O)=C2)=CC=N1 | ||
| 分子式 | C24H28N4O4 | 分子量 | 436.5 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : 125 mg/mL (286.37 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.291 mL | 11.4548 mL | 22.9095 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4582 mL | 2.291 mL | 4.5819 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2291 mL | 1.1455 mL | 2.291 mL |
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| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
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APD791, 3-methoxy-n-(3-(1-methyl-1h-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)benzamide, a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor antagonist: pharmacological profile, pharmacokinetics, platelet activity and vascular biology
We have evaluated the receptor pharmacology, antiplatelet activity, and vascular pharmacology of APD791 [3-methoxy-N-(3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)benzamide] a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT(2A)) receptor antagonist. APD791 displayed high-affinity binding to membranes (K(i) = 4.9 nM) and functional inverse agonism of inositol phosphate accumulation (IC(50) = 5.2 nM) in human embryonic kidney cells stably expressing the human 5-HT(2A) receptor. In competition binding assays, APD791 was greater than 2000-fold selective for the 5-HT(2A) receptor versus 5-HT(2C) and 5-HT(2B) receptors, and was inactive when tested against a wide panel of other G-protein-coupled receptors. APD791 inhibited 5-HT-mediated amplification of ADP-stimulated human and dog platelet aggregation (IC(50) = 8.7 and 23.1 nM, respectively). Similar potency was observed for inhibition of 5-HT-stimulated DNA synthesis in rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells (IC(50) = 13 nM) and 5-HT-mediated vasoconstriction in rabbit aortic rings. Oral administration of APD791 to dogs resulted in acute (1-h) and subchronic (10-day) inhibition of 5-HT-mediated amplification of collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation in whole blood. Two active metabolites, APD791-M1 and APD791-M2, were generated upon incubation of APD791 with human liver microsomes and were also indentified in dogs after oral administration of APD791. The affinity and selectivity profiles of both metabolites were similar to APD791. These results demonstrate that APD791 is an orally available, high-affinity 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist with potent activity on platelets and vascular smooth muscle.
Targeted inhibition of the serotonin 5HT2A receptor improves coronary patency in an in vivo model of recurrent thrombosis
Background: Release of serotonin and activation of serotonin 5HT2A receptors on platelet surfaces is a potent augmentative stimulus for platelet aggregation. However, earlier-generation serotonin receptor antagonists were not successfully exploited as antiplatelet agents, possibly owing to their lack of specificity for the 5HT2A receptor subtype.
Objective: To assess whether targeted inhibition of the serotonin 5HT2A receptor attenuates recurrent thrombosis and improves coronary patency in an in vivo canine model mimicking unstable angina.
Methods: In protocol 1, anesthetized dogs were pretreated with a novel, selective inverse agonist of the 5HT2A receptor (APD791) or saline. Recurrent coronary thrombosis was then initiated by coronary artery injury+stenosis, and coronary patency was monitored for 3 h. Protocol 2 was similar, except that: (i) treatment with APD791 or saline was begun 1 h after the onset of recurrent thrombosis; (ii) template bleeding time was measured; and (iii) blood samples were obtained for in vitro flow cytometric assessment of platelet responsiveness to serotonin.
Results: APD791 attenuated recurrent thrombosis, irrespective of the time of treatment: in both protocols, flow-time area (index of coronary patency; normalized to baseline coronary flow) averaged 58-59% (P<0.01) following administration of APD791 vs. 21-28% in saline controls. Moreover, the in vivo antithrombotic effect of APD791 was not accompanied by increased bleeding, but was associated with significant and selective inhibition of serotonin-mediated platelet activation.
Conclusion: 5HT2A receptor inhibition with APD791, even when initiated after the onset of recurrent thrombosis, improves coronary patency in the in vivo canine model.
Discovery and structure-activity relationship of 3-methoxy-N-(3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)benzamide (APD791): a highly selective 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptor inverse agonist for the treatment of arterial thrombosis
Serotonin, which is stored in platelets and is released during thrombosis, activates platelets via the 5-HT(2A) receptor. 5-HT(2A) receptor inverse agonists thus represent a potential new class of antithrombotic agents. Our medicinal program began with known compounds that displayed binding affinity for the recombinant 5-HT(2A) receptor, but which had poor activity when tested in human plasma platelet inhibition assays. We herein describe a series of phenyl pyrazole inverse agonists optimized for selectivity, aqueous solubility, antiplatelet activity, low hERG activity, and good pharmacokinetic properties, resulting in the discovery of 10k (APD791). 10k inhibited serotonin-amplified human platelet aggregation with an IC(50) = 8.7 nM and had negligible binding affinity for the closely related 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2C) receptors. 10k was orally bioavailable in rats, dogs, and monkeys and had an acceptable safety profile. As a result, 10k was selected further evaluation and advanced into clinical development as a potential treatment for arterial thrombosis.