Temephos (Temefos)
(Synonyms: 双硫磷; Temefos) 目录号 : GC32245
Temefos 是一种有机磷杀幼虫剂，用于处理被带病昆虫包括蚊子、蠓和黑蝇幼虫侵染的水。
Cas No.:3383-96-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
;)
,-1-7$$$37316672.jpg');)
;)
;)
$$$36806353.jpg');)
;33(7)%EF%BC%9A546-561$$$37156877.jpg');)
;)
;)
;)
%201124-1138.$$$35908550.jpg');)
%20766-780.$$$37100057.jpg');)
%20418-432.$$$36893736.jpg');)
%EF%BC%9A-240-255.$$$35108512.jpg');)
533-545$$$36543525.jpg');)
%201-13.$$$36600053.jpg');)
;)
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Temefos is an organophosphate larvicide, used to treat water infested with disease-carrying insects including mosquitoes, midges, and black fly larvae. Temefos affects the central nervous system through inhibition of cholinesterase, results in death before reaching the adult stage.
| Cas No. | 3383-96-8 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 双硫磷; Temefos | ||
| Canonical SMILES | COP(OC(C=C1)=CC=C1SC2=CC=C(OP(OC)(OC)=S)C=C2)(OC)=S | ||
| 分子式 | C16H20O6P2S3 | 分子量 | 466.47 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (214.38 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
||
| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
 |
1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.1438 mL | 10.7188 mL | 21.4376 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4288 mL | 2.1438 mL | 4.2875 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2144 mL | 1.0719 mL | 2.1438 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Temephos, an organophosphate larvicide for residential use: a review of its toxicity
Crit Rev Toxicol 2022 Feb;52(2):113-124.PMID:35608007DOI:10.1080/10408444.2022.2065967.
Temephos (O,O,O',O'-tetramethyl O,O'-thiodi-p-phenylene bis(phosphorothioate)) is a larvicide belonging to the family of organophosphate pesticides used for the control of different vectors of diseases, such as dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and dracunculiasis. The aim of this review was to discuss the available published information about Temephos toxicokinetics and toxicity in mammals. Temephos is quickly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, distributed to all organs, and then it accumulates mainly in adipose tissue. It is metabolized by S-oxidation, oxidative desulfuration, and hydrolysis reactions, with the possible participation of cytochrome P450 (CYP). Temephos is mainly eliminated by feces, whereas some of its metabolites are eliminated by urine. The World Health Organization classifies it as class III: slightly dangerous with a NOAEL (no-observed adverse effect level) of 2.3 mg/kg/day for up to 90 days in rats, based on brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. A LOAEL (lowest observable adverse effect level) of 100 mg/kg/day for up to 44 days in rats was proposed based on cholinergic symptoms. However, some studies have shown that Temephos causes toxic effects in mammals. The inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is one of its main demonstrated effects; however, this larvicide has also shown genotoxic effects and some adverse effects on male reproduction and fertility, as well as liver damage, even at low doses. We performed an extensive review through several databases of the literature about Temephos toxicokinetics, and we recommend to revisit current assessment of Temephos with the new available data.
Community-Effectiveness of Temephos for Dengue Vector Control: A Systematic Literature Review
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015 Sep 15;9(9):e0004006.PMID:26371470DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004006.
The application of the organophosphate larvicide Temephos to water storage containers is one of the most commonly employed dengue vector control methods. This systematic literature review is to the knowledge of the authors the first that aims to assess the community-effectiveness of Temephos in controlling both vectors and dengue transmission when delivered either as a single intervention or in combination with other interventions. A comprehensive literature search of 6 databases was performed (PubMed, WHOLIS, GIFT, CDSR, EMBASE, Wiley), grey literature and cross references were also screened for relevant studies. Data were extracted and methodological quality of the studies was assessed independently by two reviewers. 27 studies were included in this systematic review (11 single intervention studies and 16 combined intervention studies). All 11 single intervention studies showed consistently that using Temephos led to a reduction in entomological indices. Although 11 of the 16 combined intervention studies showed that Temephos application together with other chemical vector control methods also reduced entomological indices, this was either not sustained over time or-as in the five remaining studies--failed to reduce the immature stages. The community-effectiveness of Temephos was found to be dependent on factors such as quality of delivery, water turnover rate, type of water, and environmental factors such as organic debris, temperature and exposure to sunlight. Timing of Temephos deployment and its need for reapplication, along with behavioural factors such as the reluctance of its application to drinking water, and operational aspects such as cost, supplies, time and labour were further limitations identified in this review. In conclusion, when applied as a single intervention, Temephos was found to be effective at suppressing entomological indices, however, the same effect has not been observed when Temephos was applied in combination with other interventions. There is no evidence to suggest that Temephos use is associated with reductions in dengue transmission.
Toxicokinetics of Temephos after oral administration to adult male rats
Arch Toxicol 2021 Mar;95(3):935-947.PMID:33471133DOI:10.1007/s00204-021-02975-8.
Temephos (Tem) is the larvicide of choice to control mosquito transmission of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. The toxicokinetic and toxicological information of Temephos is very limited. The aim of this work was to determine the toxicokinetics and dosimetry of Temephos and its metabolites. Male Wistar rats were orally administered Temephos (300 mg/kg) emulsified with saline solution and sacrificed over time after dosing. Temephos and its metabolites were analyzed in blood and tissues by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector. At least eleven metabolites were detected, including temephos-sulfoxide (Tem-SO), temephos-oxon (Tem-oxon), temephos-oxon-sulfoxide (Tem-oxon-SO), temephos-oxon-SO-monohydrolyzed (Tem-oxon-SO-OH), 4,4麓-thiodiphenol, 4,4麓-sulfinyldiphenol, and 4,4麓-sulfonyldiphenol or bisphenol S (BPS). The mean blood concentrations of Temephos were fitted to a one-compartment model for kinetic analysis. At 2 h, the peak was reached (t1/2 abs = 0.38 h), and only trace levels were detected at 36 h (t1/2 elim = 8.6 h). Temephos was detected in all tissues and preferentially accumulated in fat. Temephos-sulfone-monohydrolyzed (Tem-SO2-OH) blood levels remained constant until 36 h and gradually accumulated in the kidney. Tem-oxon was detected in the brain, liver, kidney, and fat. Clearance from the liver and kidney were 7.59 and 5.52 ml/min, respectively. These results indicate that Temephos is well absorbed, extensively metabolized, widely distributed and preferentially stored in adipose tissue. It is biotransformed into reactive metabolites such as Tem-oxons, Tem-dioxons, and BPS. Tem-SO2-OH, the most abundant metabolite of Temephos, could be used as an exposure biomarker for toxicokinetic modeling. These results could provide critical insight into the dosimetry and toxicity of Temephos and its metabolites.
Altered phagocytic capacity due to acute exposure and long-term post-exposure to pesticides used for vector-borne disease as dengue
Int J Environ Health Res 2022 Feb;32(2):455-462.PMID:32490699DOI:10.1080/09603123.2020.1773413.
Spinosad and Temefos are widely used pesticides for chemical control of dengue vector-borne disease (Aedes aegypti). The aim of this study was to compare the effect of acute exposure (7 days) to spinosad (0.5 mg A.I. L-1) and Temefos (10 mg A.I. L-1), concentrations used by the Mexican Ministry of Health, on phagocytic capacity (PC) of mononuclear cells of guppies fish (Poecilia reticulata), as well as to assess PC in fish, at 96 days after exposure to those pesticides. Obtained results indicated that spinosad did not alter PC, while an acute exposure to Temefos significantly affected phagocytosis and this parameter was maintained downed even 96 days after the acute exposure, suggesting that the immunotoxic effects of Temefos may be chronic.
First national-scale evaluation of Temephos resistance in Aedes aegypti in Peru
Parasit Vectors 2022 Jul 11;15(1):254.PMID:35818063DOI:10.1186/s13071-022-05310-x.
Background: The development of resistance against insecticides in Aedes aegypti can lead to operational failures in control programs. Knowledge of the spatial and temporal trends of this resistance is needed to drive effective monitoring campaigns, which in turn provide data on which vector control decision-making should be based. Methods: Third-stage larvae (L3) from the F1 and F2 generations of 39 Peruvian field populations of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from established laboratory colonies were evaluated for resistance against the organophosphate insecticide Temephos. The 39 populations were originally established from eggs collected in the field with ovitraps in eight departments of Peru during 2018 and 2019. Dose-response bioassays, at 11 concentrations of the insecticide, were performed following WHO recommendations. Results: Of the 39 field populations of Ae. aegypti tested for resistance to Temephos , 11 showed high levels of resistance (resistance ratio [RR] > 10), 16 showed moderate levels of resistance (defined as RR values between 5 and 10) and only 12 were susceptible (RR < 5). The results segregated the study populations into two geographic groups. Most of the populations in the first geographic group, the coastal region, were resistant to Temephos, with three populations (AG, CR and LO) showing RR values > 20 (AG 21.5, CR 23.1, LO 39.4). The populations in the second geographic group, the Amazon jungle and the high jungle, showed moderate levels of resistance, with values ranging between 5.1 (JN) and 7.1 (PU). The exception in this geographic group was the population from PM, which showed a RR value of 28.8 to this insecticide. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that Ae. aegypti populations in Peru present different resistance intensities to Temephos, 3 years after Temephos use was discontinued. Resistance to this larvicide should continue to be monitored because it is possible that resistance to Temephos could decrease in the absence of routine selection pressures.