Tempo
(Synonyms: 2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物) 目录号 : GC39512
Tempo 是一种经典的一氧化氮自由基，也 是一种线粒体 ROS 的选择性清除剂，可在催化循环中使超氧化物歧化。Tempo 可诱导 DNA 链断裂，并可用作将伯醇氧化为醛的有机催化剂。Tempo 具有诱变和抗氧化作用。
Cas No.:2564-83-2
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Tempo is a classic nitroxide radical and is a selective scavenger of mitochondrial ROS that dismutases superoxide in the catalytic cycle. Tempo induces DNA-strand breakage. Tempo can be used as an organocatalyst for the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes. Tempo has mutagenic and antioxidant effects[1][2][3][4].
[1]. Du K, et al. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-Tempo protects against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Arch Toxicol. 2017 Feb;91(2):761-773. [2]. Guo X, et al. Comparative Genotoxicity of TEMPO and 3 of Its Derivatives in Mouse Lymphoma Cells. Toxicol Sci. 2018 May 1;163(1):214-225. [3]. Lv H, et al. TEMPO catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrazobenzenes to azobenzenes. Org Biomol Chem. 2020 Apr 22. [4]. Chen X, et al. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 contributes to radiation resistance of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma via regulating mitochondrial function and ROS/pAKT signalling. Br J Cancer. 2020 May 5.
| Cas No. | 2564-83-2 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CN1C(C)(C)CCCC1(C)C.[O] | ||
| 分子式 | C9H18NO | 分子量 | 156.25 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: 100 mg/mL (583.84 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 6.4 mL | 32 mL | 64 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.28 mL | 6.4 mL | 12.8 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.64 mL | 3.2 mL | 6.4 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
The Influence of Movement Tempo During Resistance Training on Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy Responses: A Review
Sports Med 2021 Aug;51(8):1629-1650.PMID:34043184DOI:10.1007/s40279-021-01465-2.
Hypertrophy and strength are two common long-term goals of resistance training that are mediated by the manipulation of numerous variables. One training variable that is often neglected but is essential to consider for achieving strength and hypertrophy gains is the movement Tempo of particular repetitions. Although research has extensively investigated the effects of different intensities, volumes, and rest intervals on muscle growth, many of the present hypertrophy guidelines do not account for different movement tempos, likely only applying to volitional movement tempos. Changing the movement Tempo during the eccentric and concentric phases can influence acute exercise variables, which form the basis for chronic adaptive changes to resistance training. To further elaborate on the already unclear anecdotal evidence of different movement tempos on muscle hypertrophy and strength development, one must acknowledge that the related scientific research does not provide equivocal evidence. Furthermore, there has been no assessment of the impact of duration of particular movement phases (eccentric vs. concentric) on chronic adaptations, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions in terms of resistance-training recommendations. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to explain how variations in movement Tempo can affect chronic adaptive changes. This article provides an overview of the available scientific data describing the impact of movement Tempo on hypertrophy and strength development with a thorough analysis of changes in duration of particular phases of movement. Additionally, the review provides movement tempo-specific recommendations as well real training solutions for strength and conditioning coaches and athletes, depending on their goals.
TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers
Nanoscale 2011 Jan;3(1):71-85.PMID:20957280DOI:10.1039/c0nr00583e.
Native wood celluloses can be converted to individual nanofibers 3-4 nm wide that are at least several microns in length, i.e. with aspect ratios>100, by Tempo (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical)-mediated oxidation and successive mild disintegration in water. Preparation methods and fundamental characteristics of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN) are reviewed in this paper. Significant amounts of C6 carboxylate groups are selectively formed on each cellulose microfibril surface by TEMPO-mediated oxidation without any changes to the original crystallinity (∼74%) or crystal width of wood celluloses. Electrostatic repulsion and/or osmotic effects working between anionically-charged cellulose microfibrils, the ζ-potentials of which are approximately -75 mV in water, cause the formation of completely individualized TOCN dispersed in water by gentle mechanical disintegration treatment of TEMPO-oxidized wood cellulose fibers. Self-standing TOCN films are transparent and flexible, with high tensile strengths of 200-300 MPa and elastic moduli of 6-7 GPa. Moreover, TOCN-coated poly(lactic acid) films have extremely low oxygen permeability. The new cellulose-based nanofibers formed by size reduction process of native cellulose fibers by TEMPO-mediated oxidation have potential application as environmentally friendly and new bio-based nanomaterials in high-tech fields.
Enhanced polysaccharide nanofibers via oxidation over Silia Cat Tempo
Chem Commun (Camb) 2021 Aug 10;57(64):7863-7868.PMID:34287441DOI:10.1039/d1cc02684d.
Drawing on independent work carried out by academic and industrial researchers using the immobilized Tempo catalyst SiliaCat Tempo, in this study we show how shifting the carboxylation process mediated by Tempo in solution to a process mediated by the above-mentioned hybrid sol-gel catalyst allows the synthesis of insoluble polysaccharide nanofibers of superior quality, eliminating waste. This will dramatically reduce the polysaccharide nanofiber production costs opening the route to large-scale production and uptake of these versatile nanofibers in a variety of functional products where their use has been limited by high cost. The results of this study will be useful for catalysis and biotechnology researchers as well as for chemistry educators teaching green chemistry, nanochemistry, and catalysis using the outcomes of recent research.
Laccase-TEMPO as an Efficient System for Doxorubicin Removal from Wastewaters
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 May 29;19(11):6645.PMID:35682229DOI:10.3390/ijerph19116645.
A large number of drugs are used to treat different diseases, and thus to improve the quality of life for humans. These represent a real ecological threat, as they end up in soil or ground waters in amounts that can affect the environment. Among these drugs, doxorubicin is a highly cytotoxic compound used as anticancer medicine. Doxorubicin can be efficiently removed from wastewater or polluted water using a simple enzymatic (biocatalytic) system, employing the oxidoreductase enzyme laccase and a stable organic nitroxide-free radical, Tempo. Results presented in this work (as percentage of removal) were obtained at pH 5 and 7, after 2, 4, 6, and 24 h, using different ratios between doxorubicin, laccase, and Tempo. It was shown that longer time, as well as an increased amount of catalyst, led to a higher percentage of removal, up to 100%. The influence of all these parameters is also discussed. In this way it was shown that the laccase-TEMPO biocatalytic system is highly efficient in the removal of the anticancer drug doxorubicin from wastewaters.
Motion-Driven Visual Tempo Learning for Video-Based Action Recognition
IEEE Trans Image Process 2022;31:4104-4116.PMID:35687626DOI:10.1109/TIP.2022.3180585.
Action visual Tempo characterizes the dynamics and the temporal scale of an action, which is helpful to distinguish human actions that share high similarities in visual dynamics and appearance. Previous methods capture the visual Tempo either by sampling raw videos with multiple rates, which require a costly multi-layer network to handle each rate, or by hierarchically sampling backbone features, which rely heavily on high-level features that miss fine-grained temporal dynamics. In this work, we propose a Temporal Correlation Module (TCM), which can be easily embedded into the current action recognition backbones in a plug-in-and-play manner, to extract action visual Tempo from low-level backbone features at single-layer remarkably. Specifically, our TCM contains two main components: a Multi-scale Temporal Dynamics Module (MTDM) and a Temporal Attention Module (TAM). MTDM applies a correlation operation to learn pixel-wise fine-grained temporal dynamics for both fast-tempo and slow-tempo. TAM adaptively emphasizes expressive features and suppresses inessential ones via analyzing the global information across various tempos. Extensive experiments conducted on several action recognition benchmarks, e.g. Something-Something V1&V2, Kinetics-400, UCF-101, and HMDB-51, have demonstrated that the proposed TCM is effective to promote the performance of the existing video-based action recognition models for a large margin. The source code is publicly released at https://github.com/zphyix/TCM.