Territrem A
目录号 : GC46231
A mycotoxin and AChE inhibitor
Cas No.:70407-19-1
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >95.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Territrem A is a mycotoxin originally isolated from A. terreus that irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE; IC50 = 24 nM for the electric eel enzyme).1 It is toxic to mice, inducing tremors with a median tremulous dose of 0.31 mg/kg, and has an LD50 value of 17.6 mg/kg.2
|1. Chen, J.-W., and Ling, K.-H. Territrems: Naturally occurring specific irreversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. J. Biomed. Sci. 3(1), 54-58 (1996).|2. Ling, K.H., Liou, H.-H., Yang, C.-M., et al. Isolation, chemical structure, acute toxicity, and some physicochemical properties of territrem C from Aspergillus terreus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47(1), 98-100 (1984).
| Cas No. | 70407-19-1 | SDF | |
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1C=CC(C)(C)[C@]([C@@]21C)(O)CC[C@@]([C@]2(O)C3)(C)OC4=C3C(OC(C5=CC(OCO6)=C6C(OC)=C5)=C4)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C28H30O9 | 分子量 | 510.5 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: soluble,DMSO: soluble,Ethanol: soluble,Methanol: soluble | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 1.9589 mL | 9.7943 mL | 19.5886 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3918 mL | 1.9589 mL | 3.9177 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.1959 mL | 0.9794 mL | 1.9589 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Metabolism of Territrem A by liver microsomes of Wistar rats: identification of the metabolites and their metabolic sequence
J Toxicol Environ Health A 2001 Dec 7;64(7):579-93.PMID:11760155DOI:10.1080/15287390152627255.
The metabolism of Territrem A (TRA) was investigated in liver microsomes of male Wistar rats. The results indicated that three metabolites were produced from TRA and these metabolic reactions were inhibited by metyrapone, an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450. Based on analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques, the structure of these metabolites were identified as 4beta-hydroxymethyl-4beta-demethylterritrem A (MA1), 4beta-oxo-4beta-demethylterritrem A (MAX), and 2-dihydro-4beta-demethylterritrem A (MA2). It was proposed that reactions proceeded by three sequential oxidative reactions in the pyran moiety of TRA: first, hydroxylation at the 4beta-C methyl group of TRA to form MA1; second, oxidation at the 4beta hydroxyl group of MA, to form MAX; and third, decarbonylation at the 4beta-C oxo group of MAX to form MA2.
Metabolism of Territrem A in liver microsomes from wistar rats: 2. Sex differences and regulation with gonadal hormones and phenobarbital
J Toxicol Environ Health A 2001 Dec 21;64(8):661-71.PMID:11766172DOI:10.1080/152873901753246250.
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of sex difference on metabolism of Territrem A (TRA) by liver microsomes from 7-wk-old Wistar rats. Metabolism of TRA to 2-dihydro-4beta-demethylterritrem A (MA2) through 4beta-hydroxymethyl-4beta-demethylterritrem A (MA1) and 4beta-oxo-4beta-demethylterritrem A (MAX) was observed in intact male rats. However, in intact female rats only MA1 was formed, although the amount of MA, formed in females was much less than in males. Phenobarbital pretreatment enhanced this step and was not affected by gonadectomy. In the gonadectomized rats of both sexes, MA2 was formed from TRA when the animals were further treated by testosterone and was significantly enhanced by treatment with phenobarbital. However, estradiol treatment or estradiol in combination with phenobarbital treatment did not affect MA2 formation from TRA in gonadectomized rats.
Aspergillus terreus and its toxic metabolites as a food contaminant in some Egyptian Bakery products and grains
Mycotoxin Res 1998 Jun;14(2):83-91.PMID:23605064DOI:10.1007/BF02945097.
A. terreus isolates isolated from some bakery products, corn and rice were found to be able to produce territrems. 90% of theA. terreus isolated from bakery products were able to produce Territrem A, with a mean of 0.09 ppm, while 80% ofA. terreus isolates produce territrem B with a mean of 0.24 ppm. On the other hand 31.8% of the isolates ofA. terreus from corn were able to produce Territrem A with a mean of 0.44 ppm. ConcerningA. terreus isolates from rice, 66.7% were found to produce Territrem A, with a mean of 5.28 ppm, and 77.8% of the isolates produced territrem B with a mean of 1.79 ppm.
Profile of territrem metabolism and cytochrome P-450 3A expression in liver microsomes from Wistar rats of both genders as a function of age
J Toxicol Environ Health A 2005 Nov 12;68(21):1871-88.PMID:16207635DOI:10.1080/15287390500226763.
This study determined territrem metabolites after incubation of Territrem A, B, or C with NADPH and liver microsomes from Wistar rat of both genders aged 2 to 76 wk. The liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 content, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity, and CYP3A1 and CYP3A2 protein and mRNA levels were also analyzed. Male rats had significantly higher liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 content and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activities than females at 14 to 26 wk. Microsomal cytochrome P-450 content was decreased in senescence in both genders compared with postpubertal and adulthood stages. The activity of 6beta-testosterone hydroxylase in male rats, which was significantly higher than those in females at all ages, decreased after 52 wk. After 26 wk, the levels of CYP3A1 protein markely declined in both genders, which resulted in a large gender difference (male greater than female). The protein levels and mRNA of CYP3A2 were constitutively expressed in 2- to 52-wk-old male rats, but they decreased after 76 wk, and decreased in females after 6 wk. The expression of CYP3A1 or CYP3A2 in males are generally higher than in females. The metabolites of territrems MA1, MAX, MA2, MB2, MB4, and MC were measured by high-performance chromatography (HPLC). Formation of MA1, MAX, and MA2 decreased after 52 wk in males, and MAX and MA2 were not formed after 6 wk in females. The amount of MB2 formed in females was less than in males, but the amount of MC (TRC metabolites) formed in females was higher than in males. The gender differences in metabolism of TRA were related to the protein and mRNA expression of CYP3A2. The protein levels and mRNA expression of CYP3A2 and efficiency of territrems metabolism were decreased after 76 wk. The results suggested that the effects of age and gender on territrem metabolism are due to differences in CYP3A1 and CYP3A2 expression in the liver microsomes.
Predicting the contribution of rat cytochrome P-450 3A1, 3A2 and human cytochrome P-450 3A4, 3A5 to Territrem A 4beta-C hydroxylation using the relative activity factor
J Toxicol Environ Health A 2008;71(21):1407-14.PMID:18800290DOI:10.1080/15287390802240942.
The relative activity factor (RAF) was used to predict the contribution of different cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 3A isoforms (3A1 and 3A2 in rat liver microsomes and 3A4 and 3A5 in human liver microsomes) to 4beta-C hydroxylation of Territrem A (TRA). Seven recombinant rat and eight recombinant human CYP450 isoforms, five rat liver microsomes, and seven human liver microsomes were assessed. In liver microsomes from five male Wistar rats, TRA 4beta-C hydroxylation activity significantly correlated with CYP3A1/2 activity, while, in liver microsomes from seven humans, there was marked correlation with CYP3A4 activity. Immunoinhibition confirmed that CYP3A2 and CYP3A4 were responsible for the hepatic metabolism of TRA 4beta-C hydroxylation. Using RAF, the percent contributions of CYP3A1 and CYP3A2 to 4beta-C hydroxylation of TRA in rat liver microsomes were estimated as 5 to 6 and 94 to 96, respectively, and those of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in human liver microsomes as 70 to 72 and 28 to 30%, respectively. These results suggest that CYP3A2 and CYP3A4 are the main form involved in the 4beta-C hydroxylation of TRA in rat and human liver microsomes.