THDOC
(Synonyms: 3ALPHA,21-二羟基-5ALPHA-孕甾-20-酮,THDOC) 目录号 : GC45961A neurosteroid and positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors
Cas No.:567-02-2
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >95.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
THDOC is a neurosteroid and positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors.1 It inhibits binding of the convulsant t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) and increases binding of the benzodiazepine flunitrazepam to rat synaptosomal membrane preparations in a concentration-dependent manner.2 THDOC potentiates GABA-induced chloride currents in cultured rat hippocampal and spinal cord neurons. It inhibits seizures induced by pilocarpine or pentylenetetrazol in mice (ED50s = 7.3 and 15 mg/kg, respectively).3 THDOC (20 mg/kg) increases the number of entries into and percentage of time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze in mice, indicating anxiolytic activity.4
|1. Usami, N., Yamamoto, T., Shintani, S., et al. Substrate specificity of human 3(20)α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase for neurosteroids and its inhibition by benzodiazepines. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 25(4), 441-445 (2002).|2. Majewska, M.D., Harrison, N.L., Schwartz, R.D., et al. Steroid hormone metabolites are barbiturate-like modulators of the GABA receptor. Science 232(4753), 1004-1007 (1986).|3. Kokate, T.G., Cohen, A.L., Karp, E., et al. Neuroactive steroids protect against pilocarpine- and kainic acid-induced limbic seizures and status epilepticus in mice. Neuropharmacology 35(8), 1049-1056 (1996).|4. Rodgers, R.J., and Johnson, N.J. Behaviorally selective effects of neuroactive steroids on plus-maze anxiety in mice. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 59(1), 221-232 (1998).
| Cas No. | 567-02-2 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 3ALPHA,21-二羟基-5ALPHA-孕甾-20-酮,THDOC | ||
| Canonical SMILES | C[C@@]12[C@](CC[C@@H]2C(CO)=O)([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC1 | ||
| 分子式 | C21H34O3 | 分子量 | 334.5 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: 100 mM,Ethanol: 100 mM | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.9895 mL | 14.9477 mL | 29.8954 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5979 mL | 2.9895 mL | 5.9791 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.299 mL | 1.4948 mL | 2.9895 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
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| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
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工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
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1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
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Is there a physiological role for the neurosteroid THDOC in stress-sensitive conditions?
Trends Pharmacol Sci 2003 Mar;24(3):103-6.PMID:12628349DOI:10.1016/S0165-6147(03)00023-3.
Endogenous neurosteroids affect brain excitability during physiological states such as pregnancy and the menstrual cycle, and during conditions of acute and chronic stress. The neurosteroid allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) is an allosteric modulator of the GABA(A) receptor. Although the role of THDOC within the brain is undefined, recent studies indicate that stress induces THDOC to levels that can activate GABA(A) receptors. These results might have significant implications for human stress-sensitive conditions such as epilepsy, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression.
Investigation of THDOC effects on pathophysiological signs of Alzheimer's disease as an endogenous neurosteroid: inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and plaque deposition
Bratisl Lek Listy 2019;120(2):148-154.PMID:30793620DOI:10.4149/BLL_2019_024.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an advanced neurodegenerative disorder greatly accompanied by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activation and amyloid plaque deposition. Tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) is an endogenous neurosteroid that is reduced in AD patient according to previous results. It has neuroprotective effects and plays important role in neurological diseases. By considering AChE role in AD, this study investigated THDOC effects on catalytic and non-catalytic functions of the enzyme. Inhibitory effect of THDOC on hydrolytic activity of AChE was confirmed by in vitro assay (IC50 = 5.68 µM). Molecular docking analysis revealed THDOC bound tightly to the catalytic site of enzyme and inhibited substrate binding. According to in vivo experiments, neurosteroid administration causes inhibition of hyper-activated AChE in hippocampus related to rat model of AD. Staining of hippocampus tissue by plaque specific dye approved THDOC reduced plaque numbers and size in AD rats. Histological and immunoblotting experiments showed neurosteroid administration improved neurodegeneration and neuronal damages in AD rats that lead to improved spatial learning ability. Overall this study suggests, THDOC is an endogenous regulator for AChE. By considering pathophysiological and molecular similarities between AD and animal model, our results highlight THDOC as a potential therapeutic strategy in patients suffering from AD or similar cognitive disorders (Fig. 6, Ref. 28). Keywords: tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, acetylcholinesterase, non-catalytic function, amyloid plaque deposition, nucleus basalis of Meynert lesioned rats, neurodegeneration.
Inhibition by alpha-tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) of pre-sympathetic parvocellular neurones in the paraventricular nucleus of rat hypothalamus
Br J Pharmacol 2006 Nov;149(5):600-7.PMID:17001301DOI:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706911.
Background and purpose: alpha-tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) is an endogenous neuroactive steroid which increases in plasma and brain concentration during stress. It has both positive and negative modulatory effects on GABA activated GABAA currents, dependent upon the dose. We investigated the effects of THDOC on spinally-projecting "pre-sympathetic" neurones in the parvocellular subnucleus of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), to determine whether it activates or inhibits these neurones, and by what mechanism. Experimental approach: Rat spinally-projecting (parvocellular) PVN neurones were identified by retrograde labelling and the action of THDOC investigated with three modes of patch-clamp: cell-attached action current, whole-cell voltage-clamp and cell-attached single-channel recording. Key results: In cell-attached patch mode, parvocellular neurones fired action potentials spontaneously with an average frequency of 3.6 +/- 1.1 Hz. Bath application of THDOC reduced this with an EC50 of 67 nM (95% confidence limits: 54 to 84 nM), Hill coefficient 0.8 +/- 0.04, n = 5. In whole-cell patch-clamp mode, pressure ejection of GABA evoked inward currents. These were clearly GABAA currents, since they were inhibited by the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline, and reversed near the chloride equilibrium potential. THDOC significantly potentiated GABAA currents (1 microM THDOC: 148 +/- 15% of control, n = 5, p < or = 0.05, ANOVA). Single-channel analysis showed no differences in conductance or corrected mean open times in the presence of 1 microM THDOC. Conclusions and implications: THDOC inhibited parvocellular neuronal activity without showing any evidence of the bidirectional activity demonstrated previously with cultured hypothalamic neurones. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that THDOC acts by potentiating the post-synaptic activity of endogenously released GABA.
Reduced serum level of THDOC, an anticonvulsant steroid, in women with perimenstrual catamenial epilepsy
Epilepsia 2008 Jul;49(7):1221-9.PMID:18325018DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01555.x.
Purpose: Seizure exacerbation in catamenial epilepsy (CE) is associated with the decrease in progesterone secretion and increase in estradiol secretion during the premenstrual period. Moreover, experimental evidence suggests that tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC), a positive modulator of the type A receptor for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), a negative modulator of this receptor, might play a crucial role in modulating seizure frequency during the menstrual cycle. Following these studies it seems of interest to investigate possible variations, among other hormonal parameters, of THDOC and DHEAS in CE patients. Methods: The serum concentrations of progesterone (P4), pregnenolone, allopregnanolone (AP), THDOC, DHEAS, cortisol, and DHEAS/cortisol ratio were measured throughout the menstrual cycle at the 7th, 11th, 15th, 19th, 23rd, and 27th day from the onset of spontaneous menstrual blood loss in young premenopausal women with CE (n = 17) and age-matched controls (n = 13). Results: At each time of the study, the serum concentration of THDOC and the DHEAS/cortisol ratio were lower (p < 0.05) in women with CE than in control women. The concentrations of P4, pregnenolone, and AP did not differ between the two groups of subjects. Conclusions: The reduced serum concentration of THDOC and the reduced DHEAS/cortisol ratio detected throughout the menstrual cycle in women with CE might play a role in CE. Moreover, the peculiar pattern of CE seizure exacerbation might suggest that these neuroendocrine variations are worth investigating in other epileptic syndromes, particularly in those characterized by relevant and uncontrolled variations in seizure frequency.
The neurosteroid THDOC differentially affects spatial behavior and anesthesia in Slow and Fast kindling rat strains
Behav Brain Res 2007 Mar 28;178(2):283-92.PMID:17291599DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.01.005.
Rats selectively bred for "Fast" or "Slow" kindling epileptogenesis express different GABA(A) receptor subunits that may account for differences in their miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs). The neurosteroid tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC), an endogenous modulator of GABA-mediated inhibition with anesthetic properties and effects on mnemonic processes, preferentially enhances the mIPSCs recorded from the interneurons of Fast rats. Here we show that the anesthetic effect of 20 mg/kg THDOC was reduced in Fast compared to Slow rats. Further, as the strains have previously been shown to differ in their spatial learning abilities, we subsequently examined the effect of a lower dose (5 mg/kg) of THDOC on their performance in the Morris water maze using a matching-to-place paradigm. THDOC injection deteriorated the usually superior mnemonic capabilities of the Slow rats, i.e., concept learning as well as working and reference memory, while marginally improving these behaviors in Fast rats. These outcomes may reflect the divergent expression of GABAA receptors or disinhibition on interneurons versus principal cells that have been observed between the two strains. Possible mechanisms are discussed.