Thiamine (hydrochloride)
(Synonyms: Aneurine, Vitamin B1) 目录号 : GC45031
Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin with antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anxiolytic properties.
Cas No.:67-03-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin with antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anxiolytic properties. It inhibits lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes and free radical oxidation of oleic acid in vitro when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 μM. In vivo, thiamine (100 mg/kg) reduces hepatic levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipid peroxidation, and protein damage in a rat model of acute ethanol intoxication. It reverses predator stress-induced suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis and decreases the latency of step-down from a platform, indicating anxiolytic-like activity in mice. Thiamine (8.5 mg/100 g food) reduces neurodegeneration and increases survival in Slc19a3-/- mice, a model of thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome-2 (THMD-2).
| Cas No. | 67-03-8 | SDF | |
| 别名 | Aneurine, Vitamin B1 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CC1=NC(N)=C(C[N+]2=CSC(CCO)=C2C)C=N1.[Cl-].Cl | ||
| 分子式 | C12H17N4OS•Cl [HCl] | 分子量 | 337.3 |
| 溶解度 | PBS (pH 7.2): 10 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.9647 mL | 14.8236 mL | 29.6472 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5929 mL | 2.9647 mL | 5.9294 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2965 mL | 1.4824 mL | 2.9647 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
The Effects of Thiamine hydrochloride on Cardiac Function, Redox Status and Morphometric Alterations in Doxorubicin-Treated Rats
Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020 Apr;20(2):111-120.PMID:31270735DOI:10.1007/s12012-019-09536-7.
Previous studies have suggested that Thiamine has antioxidant activity and could decrease the production of ROS in various disorders. Our study focused on the effect of Thiamine hydrochloride in the reversal of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and compared it with the reversal in the absence of Thiamine pre-treatment. Rats were divided into groups as follows: (a) Thiamine + doxorubicin (TIA + DOX), (b) doxorubicin (DOX) and c) healthy (CTRL) groups. For 7 days, Thiamine hydrochloride was administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg per day intraperitoneally, while a single dose of 15 mg/kg doxorubicin was injected into all groups except the CTRL group. We measured the following parameters: maximum rate of left ventricular development (dp/dt max), minimum rate of left ventricular development (dp/dt min), systolic left ventricular development (SLVP), diastolic left ventricular development (DLVP), heart rate (HR) and coronary flow (CF), pro-oxidative and antioxidative markers, cardiac activity, and histopathological evaluation. In our study, cardiac contractility was significantly altered after DOX treatment and diminished by Thiamine pre-treatment. Additionally, pro-oxidant parameters were significantly increased in the DOX group. The levels of O2-, H2O2 and TBARS were significantly increased in the DOX group and decreased in the DOX + T group compared to those in the DOX group. Morphometric analyses showed moderately expressed interstitial fibrosis and degenerately modified cardiac muscle fibres, with signs of interfibrillary congestion, vacuolar degeneration and myocytolysis in the DOX group as visualized by H&E and Masson's Trichrome staining. Pre-treatment of Thiamine hydrochloride before doxorubicin administration could decrease oxidative stress production, increase myocardial contractility and enhance the antioxidant defence system.
Amorphization of Thiamine Chloride hydrochloride: Effects of Physical State and Polymer Type on the Chemical Stability of Thiamine in Solid Dispersions
Int J Mol Sci 2020 Aug 18;21(16):5935.PMID:32824791DOI:10.3390/ijms21165935.
Thiamine is an essential micronutrient, but delivery of the vitamin in supplements or foods is challenging because it is unstable under heat, alkaline pH, and processing/storage conditions. Although distributed as a crystalline ingredient, Thiamine chloride hydrochloride (TClHCl) likely exists in the amorphous state, specifically in supplements. Amorphous solids are generally less chemically stable than their crystalline counterparts, which is an unexplored area related to Thiamine delivery. The objective of this study was to document Thiamine degradation in the amorphous state. TClHCl:polymer dispersions were prepared by lyophilizing solutions containing TClHCl and amorphous polymers (pectin and PVP (poly[vinylpyrrolidone])). Samples were stored in controlled temperature (30-60 °C) and relative humidity (11%) environments for 8 weeks and monitored periodically by X-ray diffraction (to document physical state) and HPLC (to quantify degradation). Moisture sorption, glass transition temperature (Tg), intermolecular interactions, and pH were also determined. Thiamine was more labile in the amorphous state than the crystalline state and when present in lower proportions in amorphous polymer dispersions, despite increasing Tg values. Thiamine was more stable in pectin dispersions than PVP dispersions, attributed to differences in presence and extent of intermolecular interactions between TClHCl and pectin. The results of this study can be used to control Thiamine degradation in food products and supplements to improve Thiamine delivery and decrease rate of deficiency.
In Vivo Evaluation of Thiamine hydrochloride with Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery in Healthy Human Volunteers Using Gamma Scintigraphy
Pharmaceutics 2023 Feb 17;15(2):691.PMID:36840013DOI:10.3390/pharmaceutics15020691.
A floating tablet system containing Thiamine hydrochloride, a model drug with a narrow absorption window, was evaluated. The tablet was found to have a floating lag time of less than 30 s with a sustained drug release over 12 h during in vitro dissolution studies. The gastro-retentive property of the tablet in relation to the bioavailability of Thiamine was determined in healthy human volunteers using gamma scintigraphy under fasted and fed conditions. The gastro-retentive time of the floating tablet could be prolonged up to 10 h under the fed state, compared to about 1.8 h in the fasted state. The prolonged gastric retention under the fed state resulted in a 2.8-fold increase in oral bioavailability of Thiamine compared to that of the fasted state. There was also a 1.4-fold increase in Thiamine absorption compared to that of a conventional immediate release tablet in the fed state. In the fasted state, the extent of Thiamine absorption from the floating tablet was only about 70% of that absorbed from the immediate release tablet. Thus, to achieve a better performance, such floating tablet systems should be administered under a fed condition, to prolong the gastric retention time.
Chemical stability and reaction kinetics of two Thiamine salts (Thiamine mononitrate and Thiamine chloride hydrochloride) in solution
Food Res Int 2018 Oct;112:443-456.PMID:30131156DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.056.
Two types of Thiamine (vitamin B1) salts, Thiamine mononitrate (TMN) and Thiamine chloride hydrochloride (TClHCl), are used to enrich and fortify food products. Both of these Thiamine salt forms are sensitive to heat, alkali, oxygen, and radiation, but differences in stability between them have been noted. It was hypothesized that stability differences between the two Thiamine salts could be explained by differences in solubility, solution pH, and activation energies for degradation. This study directly compared the stabilities of TMN and TClHCl in solution over time by documenting the impact of concentration and storage temperature on Thiamine degradation and calculating reaction kinetics. Solutions were prepared containing five concentrations of each Thiamine salt (1, 5, 10, 20, and 27 mg/mL), and three additional concentrations of TClHCl: 100, 300, and 500 mg/mL. Samples were stored at 25, 40, 60, 70, and 80 °C for up to 6 months. Degradation was quantified over time by high-performance liquid chromatography, and percent Thiamine remaining was used to calculate reaction kinetics. First-order reaction kinetics were found for both TMN and TClHCl. TMN degraded significantly faster than TClHCl at all concentrations and temperatures. For example, in 27 mg/mL solutions after 5 days at 80 °C, only 32% of TMN remained compared to 94% of TClHCl. Activation energies and solution pHs were 21-25 kcal/mol and pH 5.36-6.96 for TMN and 21-32 kcal/mol and pH 1.12-3.59 for TClHCl. TClHCl degradation products had much greater sensory contributions than TMN degradation products, including intense color change and potent aromas, even with considerably less measured vitamin loss. Different peak patterns were present in HPLC chromatograms between TMN and TClHCl, indicating different degradation pathways and products. The stability of essential vitamins in foods is important, even more so when degradation contributes to sensory changes, and this study provides a direct comparison of the stability of the two Thiamine salts used to fortify foods in environments relevant to the processing and shelf-life of many foods.
Critical commentary on "The potential of a site-specific delivery of Thiamine hydrochloride as a novel insect repellent exerting long-term protection on human skin: In-vitro, ex-vivo study and clinical assessment"
J Pharm Sci 2022 Aug;111(8):2141-2142.PMID:35843654DOI:10.1016/j.xphs.2022.03.012.
This letter comments on a recent article by Halawani et al. (10.1016/j.xphs.2021.07.017), which claimed a complex hydrogel formulation of Thiamine nanospheres is a topical insect repellent. The authors did not thoroughly review the extensive prior literature on the subject that found no evidence of repellency for Thiamine, and the experiment described lacked negative controls. Its results are not conclusive.