Thioflavin T (Basic Yellow 1)

Thioflavin T (Basic Yellow 1) is a cell-permeable benzothiazole dye that exhibits enhanced fluorescence (Ex/Em： 450/482 nm) upon binding to amyloid fibrils. Useful in monitoring stacked β-sheet aggregates, Thioflavin T has also been used in histology and for protein characterization.^[1]

In aqueous solution, Thioflavin T exists in the form of micelles, and its concentration is usually used to monitor fibrils by fluorescence determination (~10-20 μM). The specific conductivity change was measured at different concentrations of Thioflavin T, and the critical micelle concentration was calculated to be 4.0±0.5 μM. Thioflavin T micelles were disrupted at low pH, as observed by atomic force microscopy, and the fluorescence enhancement of Thioflavin T upon binding to amyloid fibrils also decreased several-fold when the pH dropped below 3^[2].

References：
[1].Alimohammadi-Kamalabadi M, Eshraghian M, Zarindast MR, Aliaghaei A, Pishva H. Effect of creatine supplementation on cognitive performance and apoptosis in a rat model of amyloid-beta-induced Alzheimer's disease. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2016 Nov;19(11):1159-1165.
[2].Khurana R, Coleman C, Ionescu-Zanetti C, Carter SA, Krishna V, Grover RK, Roy R, Singh S. Mechanism of thioflavin T binding to amyloid fibrils. J Struct Biol. 2005 Sep;151(3):229-38.

Thioflavin T (Basic Yellow 1)是一种细胞渗透性苯并噻唑染料，与淀粉样蛋白原纤维结合时表现出增强的荧光 （Ex/Em 450/482 nm）。Thioflavin T可用于监测堆积β状聚集体，也用于组织学和蛋白质表征^[1]。

在水溶液中，Thioflavin T 以胶束形式存在，其浓度通常用于通过荧光测定法监测原纤维(~10 -20 μM)。Thioflavin T的不同浓度下测量比电导率变化，临界胶束浓度计算为 4.0±0.5 μM。Thioflavin T 胶束在低 pH 值下被破坏，如通过原子力显微镜观察到的，Thioflavin T 与淀粉样蛋白原纤维结合后的荧光增强在 pH 值降至 3 以下时也减少了几倍^[2]。