Timosaponin A1

Timosaponin AI is a steroidal saponin that has been found in A. asphodeloides and has diverse biological activities.^1,2,3 It is also a metabolite of timosaponin AIII .⁴ Timosaponin AI inhibits 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), COX-2, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4; IC₅₀s = 3.29, 36.43, and 33.25 ?M, respectively).^1,2 It reduces total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes and increases glucose consumption in insulin-resistant BNL CL.2 mouse embryonic liver cells stimulated with insulin.² Timosaponin AI is cytotoxic to NRK rat kidney epithelial and MOLM-13 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells (EC₅₀s = 0.12 and 0.22 mM, respectively).³

1.Xie, L., Lee, D.Y.-W., Shang, Y., et al.Characterization of spirostanol glycosides and furostanol glycosides from anemarrhenae rhizoma as dual targeted inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase-2 by employing a combination of affinity ultrafiltration and HPLC/MSPhytomedicine77153284(2020) 2.Jiang, S., Wu, X., Wang, Y., et al.The potential DPP-4 inhibitors from Xiao-Ke-An improve the glucolipid metabolism via the activation of AKT/GSK-3β pathwayEur. J. Pharmacol.882173272(2020) 3.Carpinteyro Díaz, A.E., Herfindal, L., Rathe, B.A., et al.Cytotoxic saponins and other natural products from flowering tops of Narthecium ossifragum LPhytochemistry16467-77(2019) 4.Sun, Y., Liu, L., Peng, Y., et al.Metabolites characterization of timosaponin AIII in vivo and in vitro by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometryJ. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci.997236-243(2015)