Trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate

Trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate (TMD; Cord Factor) is a cell wall glycolipid of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that can be used to mimic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-induced inflammation and granuloma formation^{[1, 2]}. Trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate can protect Mtb from macrophage-mediated killing, inhibit effective antigen presentation, and reduce the formation of protective T cell responses^[3]. Trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate can induce neovascularization^[4]. Trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate has multiple immunomodulatory effects and can induce the production of multiple chemokines (e.g., MCP-1, MIP-1α, IL-8) and cytokines (e.g., EL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10)^[5].

References:
[1] Hwang S A, Byerly C D, Actor J K. Mycobacterial trehalose 6, 6′-dimycolate induced vascular occlusion is accompanied by subendothelial inflammation[J]. Tuberculosis, 2019, 116: S118-S122.
[2] Indrigo J, Hunter Jr R L, Actor J K. Influence of trehalose 6, 6′-dimycolate (TDM) during mycobacterial infection of bone marrow macrophages[J]. Microbiology, 2002, 148(7): 1991-1998.
[3] Welsh K J, Hunter R L, Actor J K. Trehalose 6, 6′-dimycolate–A coat to regulate tuberculosis immunopathogenesis[J]. Tuberculosis, 2013, 93: S3-S9.
[4] Sakaguchi I, Ikeda N, Nakayama M, et al. Trehalose 6, 6′-dimycolate (cord factor) enhances neovascularization through vascular endothelial growth factor production by neutrophils and macrophages[J]. Infection and immunity, 2000, 68(4): 2043-2052.
[5] Ryll R, Kumazawa Y, Yano I. Immunological Properties of Trehalose Dimycolate (Cord Factor) and Other Mycotic Acid‐Containing Glycolipids–‐A Review[J]. Microbiology and immunology, 2001, 45(12): 801-811.

Trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate（TMD; Cord Factor）是结核分枝杆菌的细胞壁糖脂，可用于模拟结核分枝杆菌（MTB）诱导的炎症和肉芽肿形成^{[1, 2]}。Trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate能够保护结核杆菌免受巨噬细胞介导的杀伤，抑制有效的抗原呈递，并减少保护性T细胞反应的形成^[3]。Trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate能够诱导新血管形成^[4]。Trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate具有多种免疫调节作用，能够诱导多种趋化因子（例如MCP-1、MIP-1α、IL-8）和细胞因子（例如EL-12、IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10）的产生^[5]。